Keep Kyoto on Track
– Transport and Climate Change at the
crossroads
Mads Bergendorff, Senior Adviser Environment
Shaping the railway of the 21st century
UIC
International
Union
of
Railways
- www.uic.asso.fr
Transport Climate talks, UNFCCC web kiosk, COP9, Milan, 9 December 2003
The Climate Change Offer: ‘Global Transport Deal’
The package includes:
• Achieve the aims of the Kyoto Protocol alone by transport
• Reduce drastically the number of transport deaths and
casualties
• Improve health of urban and local citizens
• Minimise local emissions (noise, exhaust gasses)
Invited Parties:
• Society - passengers and freight customers
• The entire transport sector - global & local
• Governments - planning, transport and environmental
authorities
Shaping the railway of the 21st century
Transport Climate talks, UNFCCC web kiosk, COP9, Milan, 9 December 2003
The Climate Change Offer: ‘Global Transport Deal’
A successful ‘Global Transport Deal’ to be achieved by:
1. Modal shift from air and road to Rail and PT
2. Increased and improved rail infrastructure capacity
3. Better, more customer oriented Rail & PT services
Financing this deal:
• Earmarked funds from global carbon trading
to build Rail & PT infrastructure
• Equal playing field - levelling infrastructure costs
• Enforce internalisation of external costs of transport
Shaping the railway of the 21st century
Transport Climate talks, UNFCCC web kiosk, COP9, Milan, 9 December 2003
Why do we need a Global Transport Deal?
• Global & local transport is essential
for today's society and economy
• Today’s global transport sector is
extremely harmful to health, safety
and environment
• Improvements are eaten by the
increasing transport volumes
• Global Planning, Transport, and
Environmental policies are not
sufficiently integrated
Shaping the railway of the 21st century
Transport Climate talks, UNFCCC web kiosk, COP9, Milan, 9 December 2003
The railway climate change advantages...
• Rail today is 3-10 times more
energy efficient than road transport
• Electric train operation is already
100% compatible with Renewable
Energy sources e.g. hydro power
• Further improvement potential
20-50% due to optimising of load
and traffic management
www.railway-energy.org
www.railway-procurement.org
Shaping the railway of the 21st century
Transport Climate talks, UNFCCC web kiosk, COP9, Milan, 9 December 2003
What’s the difference…?
Shaping the railway of the 21st century
Transport Climate talks, UNFCCC web kiosk, COP9, Milan, 9 December 2003
What’s the difference…?
The rail CO2 advantage:
Frankfurt am Main - Berlin
Frankfurt am Main - Berlin
90
80
CO2 Emissions
(kg per person)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Source: DB AG
0
Train (ICE)
Air
Car
Shaping the railway of the 21st century
Transport Climate talks, UNFCCC web kiosk, COP9, Milan, 9 December 2003
Do railways ever improve performance…?
Shaping the railway of the 21st century
Transport Climate talks, UNFCCC web kiosk, COP9, Milan, 9 December 2003
Do railways ever improve performance…?
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
Rail Freight Performance (North America)
Rail Freight Performance (North America)
450
450
400
400
350
350
300
300
250
Revenue tonnes
250
miles (billions)
200
200
150
Revenue tonnes
Rail Freight Performance (North America)
miles per gallon of
150
100
fuel consumed
450
100
50
400
50
350
0
0 2000
1980
1985
1990
1995
2001
300
Revenue tonnes
miles (billions)
Yes, we do:
Revenue tonnes
miles per gallon of
fuel consumed
• Rail Production raised with
62%
• Energy Efficiency gain
1980- 2001: 71%
1985
1990 Association
1995 of Railroads
2000
Source: American
2001
250
www.aar.org
Revenue tonnes
miles (billions)
200
150
Revenue tonnes
miles per gallon of
fuel consumed
• Absolute annual fuel saving
1980-2001: 750 million
Liters
100
50
Shaping the railway of the 21st century
Transport Climate talks, UNFCCC web kiosk, COP9, Milan, 9 December 2003
0
Splitting the transport cake...
Today:
• More than 90% of transport
GHG emissions come from
road transport
•Tomorrow:
Rail accounts for only ~1%
despite much larger market
• Shifting
shares 30% of transport
road
to rail,severe
PT, cycling
• from
OECD
predicts
rise
and
walking
would due
alone
in GHG
emissions
to
economic
growth -EST
study
bring
compliance
with Kyoto
reduction target 5.2%!
Shaping the railway of the 21st century
Transport Climate talks, UNFCCC web kiosk, COP9, Milan, 9 December 2003
Global Transport Deal - the soft and hard sides
Pre-conditions for a Global
Transport Deal
• Inter-modal understanding and co-
operation
• Heavy Infrastructure investment in
the next 10-20 years starting now!
• True integration of planning, trade,
transport and environmental
policies
Shaping the railway of the 21st century
Transport Climate talks, UNFCCC web kiosk, COP9, Milan, 9 December 2003
Getting prices right…
CoûtsCosts
externes moyens
hors congestion : Trafic Voyageurs
External
of Transportation
(1/2) 1995
Durchschnittliche externe Kosten ohne Verkehrsstau: Personenverkehr 1995
Average External Costs without Congestion: Passenger Traffic 1995
Euro / 1000 pkm
100
75
87
7
6
5
4
50
3
2
25
1
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
2
1
Voiture/Pkw/Car
7
5
20
7
6
5
4
3
0
48
38
Bus
4
2
3
1
Rail/Bahn
Air/Luft
1 Accidents / Unfälle
2 Bruit / Lärm / Noise
4 Changements climatiques/
Klimaveränderung / Climate Change
6 Effets urbains / städtische Effekte /
urban Effects
3 Air Pollution / Luftverschmutzung
5 Paysage / Landschaft / Landscape
7 Upstream process
Source/Quelle: INFRAS/IWW 3/2000
Shaping the railway of the 21st century
Transport Climate talks, UNFCCC web kiosk, COP9, Milan, 9 December 2003
Getting prices right…
Coûts externes moyens hors congestion : Trafic Fret1995
External
Costs
of
Transportation
(2/2)
Coûts
externes
moyens
hors
congestion
: Trafic
Fret1995
Coûts
externes
moyens
hors
congestion
Trafic
Fret1995
Durchschnittliche
externe
Kosten
ohne
Verkehrsstau
: :Güterverkehr
1995
Durchschnittliche
externe
Kosten
ohne
Verkehrsstau
: Güterverkehr
Durchschnittliche
externe
Kosten
ohne
Verkehrsstau
: Güterverkehr
Average
External
Costs
without
Congestion:
Freight
Traffic
199519951995
Average
External
Costs
without
Congestion:
Freight
Traffic
19951995
Average
External
Costs
without
Congestion:
Freight
Traffic
E u ro / 10 0 0 tk m
E u ro E
/ 10
tk m
u ro0 0/ 10
0 0 tk m
205
2057 205
200
200 200
7
5
5
7
5
150
150 150
100
100 1007
50
50
88
88 88
6
7
65
45
4
7
6
5
4
3
3
3
50
4
4
7
6
7
56
534
4
32
2
19
19 19
4
17
17 17
7
7
75
3
5
5
4
2
3
3
0
4
4
2
2
3
021
0
2
3
2
3
1
1
Fret routier/Lkw/Lorries
Air/Luft
Voies navigables/
Fret routier/Lkw/Lorries
Voies navigables/
Fret routier/Lkw/Lorries
Air/Luft Air/Luft Wasserstrassen/Waterborne
Voies navigables/
Wasserstrassen/Waterborne
Wasserstrassen/Waterborne
4 Changements climatiques/
1 Accidents / Unfälle
6 Effets urbains / städtische Effekte /
7
6
5
4
3
2
Rail/Bahn
Rail/Bahn
Rail/Bahn
Klimaveränderung
/ Climate
Change
4 Changements
climatiques/
4 Changements
climatiques/
Effets urbains
/ städtische
/
6 urban
Effets6 Effects
urbains
/ städtische
Effekte Effekte
/
Klimaveränderung
/ Climate
Klimaveränderung
/ Climate
ChangeChange
urban Effects
urban Effects
5 Paysage / Landschaft / Landscape
7 Upstream process
3 Air Pollution
/ Luftverschmutzung
5 Paysage
/ Landschaft
/ Landscape 7 Upstream
3 Air Pollution
/ Luftverschmutzung
5 Paysage
/ Landschaft
/ Landscape
7 Upstream
processprocess
Source/Quelle: INFRAS/IWW 3/2000
1
2
2
3
1/ Lärm
Accidents
/ Unfälle
Accidents
/ Unfälle
Bruit
/ Noise
2
Bruit
/
Lärm
/ Noise
Bruit
/
Lärm
/
Noise
Air Pollution / Luftverschmutzung
Source/Quelle:
INFRAS/IWW
Source/Quelle:
INFRAS/IWW
3/2000 3/2000
Shaping the railway of the 21st century
Transport Climate talks, UNFCCC web kiosk, COP9, Milan, 9 December 2003
Conclusions
www.railway-mobility.org
• Sustainable transport systems are needed in order to curb
the GHG Emissions and achieve the Kyoto Protocol
• A Global Transport Deal based on Railways and Public
Transport as the backbone would benefit all and serving the
developing countries’ need for economic growth
• Railways will continue to improve their environmental
performance to remain responsible and stay competitive
• Need for new rail infrastructure with external financial support
• A level playing field reflecting true costs of transport integration of transport and environmental policies
Shaping the railway of the 21st century
Transport Climate talks, UNFCCC web kiosk, COP9, Milan, 9 December 2003