Klamath Experiment Station
Spring Wheat Variety Screening, 1997
R.L. Dovell, R.S. Karow 2 , and G. Chilcote l
A
bstract
Statewide spring wheat variety trials
were established at two different locations in Klamath County in 1997, at the Klamath
Experiment Station (KES) on mineral soil and at
an organic soil site. Penawawa, a soft white (SW)
variety, was the highest yielding entry at KES in
1997. Other high yielding SW entries included
Treasure, Pomerelle, and Alpowa.The two top
producing hard red (HR) entries, ID 492 and WA
7802, did not produce significantly higher yields
than WPB 936R, the local industry standard. The
highest producing hard white (1-1W) entry, OR
4870453, produced significantly higher yields
than ID 377S and Klasic, two commercially
available HW varieties. Penawawa was the
highest yielding entry at the organic soil site;
however, ten other entries were not significantly
lower yielding than Penewawa. The highest
producing SW lines were Penawawa, ID 488,
Pomerelle, Centennial, Alpowa, and Treasure.
The newly-released HW variety, 377, produced
significantly higher yields than Klasic, the industry
standard. WPB 936R was the highest producing
HR entry at the organic soil site.
Introduction
Spring wheat is grown on approximately
5,000 acres annually in Klamath County. Soft
white (SW) and hard red (HR) selections predominate; however, interest has grown recently in
the hard white (HW) class. In 1997, spring wheat
variety trials were conducted at the KES and on
an irrigated site in the Lower Klamath Lake area
in cooperation with Oregon State University and
western regional plant breeding and evaluation
programs. Cold-tolerant, short-season cultivars
are needed in the Klamath Basin because the
growing season is short with the possibility of
frost throughout. Entries evaluated in these trials
included SW, HW, and HR selections. Historically, there has been little disease or insect
pressure on small grains in the Klamath Basin;
however, the recent introduction of the Russian
wheat aphid has altered this situation. Wheat stem
maggot is endemic in the area and generally
causes only slight damage at the Klamath Experiment Station (KES). Under mild winter and warm
spring conditions in 1992 and 1993, significant
damage to cereal crops was experienced, with up
to 50 percent of the tillers affected at KES and
with serious crop losses in several commercial
fields in the Lower Klamath Lake area.
Procedures
All small-grain variety trials at KES were on
land planted in potatoes the previous year. Soils
at the station include Poe, Fordney, and Hosley
series, all of which have a fine loamy to sandy
texture and are moderately deep and somewhat
poorly drained. All plots were sprinkler irrigated.
'/ Associate Professor and Research Technician, respectively, Klamath Experiment Station, Klamath
Falls, OR.
2 / Professor, Crop and Soil Science Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR.
Acknowledgments: Henze] Farms provided the off-station site and crop care.
98 Klamath Experiment Station 1997
Klamath Experiment Station
Spring Wheat Variety Screening, 1997
All wheat trials were arranged in a
randomized complete block design with three
or four replications. Planting occurred on May
7 at KES and on May 14 at the Lower
Klamath Lake site. Wheat seed was planted
at a depth of 2 inches. Seeding rates in the
OSU statewide trials were 30 seed/f0. All
other trials had seeding rates of 100 lb/acre.
All plots were fertilized with 20 lb N, 12 lb
P,0 5 , and 9 lb S/acre at time of seeding.
Additional fertilizer was broadcast prior to
planting at 80 lb N, 48 lb P,0 5 , and 35 lb S/
acre. Plots measured 5x 20 feet, with 10
rows at 6-inch spacing. At KES, bromoxynil
and MCPA were applied at labeled rates to
control broadleaf weeds. Weed control at the
organic soil site was achieved with a mixture
of 2,4-D and Banvel. Plots were harvested in
late September at the KES and in late October at the off-station site, using a plot combine
with a 5-foot wide header. Grain yield was
recorded for all plots. Test weight was
measured in only one replication.
.
IDO 523 and IDO 522. They produced 5280 and
4550 lb/acre, respectively, compared to 3480 lb/acre
produced by Klasic, the most commonly planted HW
variety in the region. The highest yielding HR entries
were SDM 50031, WA 7802, and OR 390362. WA
7802, and OR 390362 have been in the trial for 2
years and ranked 4 and 5, respectively (Table 2). All
three of these lines produced significantly higher
yields than McKay, the standard HR variety in the
trial. The release of the high-yielding lines discussed
above would benefit grain producers in the Klamath
Basin. Release of these promising lines depends on
their performance in other areas and final approval by
state and regional review boards.
Results and Discussion
OSU Hard White Spring Wheat
The highest producing entry in the OSU Hard
White Spring Wheat Variety Trial in 1997 was
4895181, closely followed by ID 377S (Table 3).
Over a three-year period, ID 377S has been the •
highest yielding entry in the trial. It has good milling
and baking quality and has been released by the
University of Idaho as 377. Only 4895181 produced
significantly (P = 0.05) higher yields than Klasic, the
current industry standard.
Western Regional Spring Wheat
There was no significant difference in
grain yield in the twelve highest yielding
entries in 1997. Seven of these entries were
soft white (SW) lines, three were hard red
(HR), and two were hard white (HW) (Table
1). Penawawa was the only released variety
in this group. The three highest yielding SW
entries in the trial were IDO 505, IDO 488,
and ML 42409. IDO 488 has been in the trial
for 3 year and is the highest producing entry
over a 3-year period. The third and eleventh
highest yielding entries were hard white lines,
OSU Hard Red Spring Wheat
The experimental line, 4910041, was the
highest yielding entry followed closely by 4920028
(Table 4). Both produced yields significantly higher
than McKay and Yecora Rojo, commercially available varieties. Five lines not significantly different than
4910041 were 4920028, 4920331, 4870535,
4920330, and 4870410.
Among entries which have been in this trial
over the past 4 years, 4900041 and 4920028 are the
two highest producing entries. Both of these experimental entries produced significantly more grain than
Klamath Experiment Station 1997 99
Klamath Experiment Station
Spring Wheat Variety Screening, 1997
commercially available varieties in the trial.
Another noteworthy entry is OR 4910028. All
three of these experimental lines have produced
high test weights and are of comparable height to
Westbred 906R. Grain baking-quality is an
important consideration in the selection of HR
wheat varieties. Further evaluation of the baking
quality of top-yielding entries will be needed
before release of these lines.
OSU Soft White Spring Wheat
There were no significant differences in
yield among SW lines in 1997. Variability was not
particularly high. Failure to separate means was
largely due to a very tight yield spread, ranging
from 5030 to 4170 lb/acre (Table 5). Centennial
was the second highest yielding entry in 1997 and
has produced higher yields than Penawawa for
the last 4 years. Centennial is a release from the
University of Idaho. It was planted in joint trials at
KES and the Intermountain Research and Extension Center from 1989 to 1991. Yields of this line
were comparable or superior to all released SW
varieties at both locations. Centennial is also an
earlier maturing variety. It reached 50 percent
heading earlier than all other entries except one
over a 3-year period. Soft white wheat varieties
have been slow to mature in the cool fall conditions common in the Klamath Basin. The development of an earlier maturing, high yielding SW
variety should help producers who choose to
grow this commodity in the basin.
Statewide Spring Wheat Trials
Statewide spring wheat variety trials were
established at two different locations in Klamath
County in 1997. The 21-entry trial was located at
the KES on mineral soil and at an organic soil site
100 Klamath Experiment Station 1997
on the Lower Klamath Lake. The organic soil site
was irrigated by overhead sprinkler irrigation. In
general, the yield potential of the two sites is
similar. Although the two sites have similar yields,
the relative performance of varieties at the two
sites is quite different.
Irrigated Mineral Soil Site
Penawawa (SW) was the highest yielding
entry in the trial in 1997, producing significantly
higher yields than all other entries (Table 6). Other
high-yielding SW entries included Treasure,
Pomerelle, and Alpowa. Pomerelle, formerly ID
448, was the highest yielding entry in the trial in
1996 and the second highest producing entry in
the trial in 1995. This newly released SW variety
has produced grain of comparable test weight and
lower protein than Penewawa and Centennial. It
is a late maturing variety, which may cause
problems in the short-season environment of the
Klamath Basin. Centennial, which has been an
outstanding SW variety in the past, produced less
than the trial average (Table 6).
The two top producing HR entries, ID
492 and WA 7802, did not produce significantly
higher yields than WPB 936R, the local industry
standard.
The highest producing HW entry, OR
4870453, produced significantly (P = 0.05)
higher yields than ID 377S and Klasic, two
commercially available I-IW varieties.
Irrigated Organic Soil Site
Penawawa was the highest yielding entry
at this site in 1997. However, ten other entries
were not significantly lower yielding than
Penewawa (Table 7). The highest producing SW
lines were Penawawa, ID 488, Pomerelle,
Klamath Experiment Station
Spring Wheat Variety Screening, 1997
Centennial, Alpowa, and Treasure. The newly
released HW variety, 377, produced significantly
higher yields than Klasic, the industry standard.
WPB 936R was the highest producing HR entry
in the trial.
Klamath Experiment Station 1997 101
Klamath Experiment Station
Table 1. Western Regional Spring Wheat Nursery: agronomic and grain quality data for spring wheat lines
established May 7, KES, Klamath Falls, OR, 1997.
Entry
1
2
3
4
5
Variety
Type
Yield
Test
wt
lb/A
lb/bu
Lodge
Height
inches
McKay (ID 167)
Federation
Penawawa
Klasic
Serra
HR
SW
SW
HW
HR
4020
3570
4600
3480
4130
60.5
55.0
62.0
60.0
59.5
0
0
0
0
0
30
41
30
20
28
6
7
8
9
10
CA 896
IDO 488
IDO 492
OR 487401
CA 1041
HW
SW
HR
HR
HR
3790
5310
4250
3820
3570
61.0
62.0
62.0
62.0
58.0
0
0
0
0
0
26
28
30
31
22
11
12
13
14
15
CA 1036
CA 1037
CA 1032
SDM 50030
ML 42409
HR
HR
HR
SW
SW
3910
3700
3870
4140
5280
62.0
60.5
62.0
61.0
62.0
0
0
0
0
0
23
22
24
28
32
16
17
18
19
20
OR 492092
OR 390362
UT 3007
WA 7802
CA 1077
HW
HR
HR
HR
HR
3910
4610
4270
4750
3930
60.0
58.5
61.0
61.5
62.0
0
0
0
0
0
25
26
39
32
31
21
22
23
24
25
CA 1080
OR 492292
OR 491028
BR 2306
BR 3633
HW
HW
HR
HR
HR
4290
4010
4240
4340
3700
60.5
61.0
58.0
61.5
59.5
0
0
0
0
0
30
27
26
30
33
26
ML 107455
MTHW 9520
SDM 50031
SDM 50032
WA 7805
HW
HW
HR
HR
SW
4500
4250
4780
4070
5050
61.0
61.0
63.5
63.0
61.5
0
0
0
0
0
32
29
31
30
32
27
28
29
30
102 Klamath Experiment Station 1997
Klamath Experiment Station
Table 1 (continued). Western Regional Spring Wheat Nursery: agronomic and grain quality data for
spring wheat lines established May 7, KES, Klamath Falls, OR, 1997.
Entry
Variety
Type
Yield
Test
wt
Lodge
Height
lb/A
lb/bu
%
inches
31
32
33
34
35
WA 7831
WA 7824
UT 3061
UT 2868
UT 3172
SW
HR
HR
HR
HR
4550
3380
3900
3890
4190
60.5
60.5
61.5
59.5
61.0
0
0
0
0
0
31
31
35
30
37
36
37
38
39
40
IDO 520
IDO 521
IDO 522
IDO 523
IDO 502
HW
HW
HW
HW
HR
3830
3410
4550
5280
4020
64.0
64.0
59.5
61.0
60.5
0
0
0
0
0
31
29
29
31
27
41
42
43
44
IDO 503
IDO 505
IDO 506
IDO 524
HR
SW
SW
SW
3920
5460
4990
4440
61.0
63.0
61.5
61.5
0
0
0
0
27
33
33
26
4230
920
13
61.0
0
0
0
30
3
7
Mean
LSD (P= 0.05)
CV (%)
Klamath Experiment Station 1997 103
Klamath Experiment Station
Table 2. Western Regional Spring Wheat Nursery: grain yield of spring wheat lines established at KES,
Klamath Falls, OR, 1995-97.
Variety
Type
Yield
1996
1995
2-Year Average
yield
rank
3-Year Average
yield
rank
lb/A
lb/A
lb/A
lb/A
lb/A
CA 896
Federation
IDO 488
IDO 492
Klasic
HW
SW
SW
HR
HW
3790
3570
5310
4250
3480
5210
5000
5840
5220
3890
3410
3630
4970
4280
2770
4500
4290
5580
4740
3690
8
10
1
6
17
4140
4070
5380
4590
3380
5
6
1
3
9
McKay
OR 487401
Penawawa
Serra
CA 1032
HR
HR
SW
HR
HR
4020
3820
4600
4130
3870
3860
4900
5560
3950
3240
4060
4050
4110
3430
3940
4360
5080
4040
3560
14
9
3
13
18
3980
4260
4760
3840
7
4
2
8
CA 1036
CA 1037
CA 1041
OR 390362
OR 492092
HR
HR
HR
HR
HW
3910
3700
3570
4610
3910
4200
3790
3910
5090
5520
4060
3740
3740
4850
4720
12
16
15
5
7
SDM 50030
UT 3007
WA 7802
BR 2306
CA 1080
SW
HR
HR
HR
HW
4140
4270
4750
4340
4290
6090
4180
5250
5110
4230
5000
2
11
4
IDO 505
IDO 506
IDO 522
IDO 523
IDO 524
SW
SW
HW
HW
SW
5460
4990
4550
5280
4440
ML 107455
ML 42409
MTHW 9520
SDM 50031
WA 7805
HW
SW
HW
HR
SW
4500
5280
4250
4780
5050
WA 7831
SW
4550
Mean
LSD (P= 0.05)
CV (%)
104
1997
Klamath Experiment Station 1997
4240
920
13
4680
730
10
3910
590
10
4400
780
11
4280
480
9
Klamath Experiment Station
Table 3. OSU Hard White Spring Wheat Nursery: agronomic and grain quality data for spring wheat lines
established May 7, KES, Klamath Falls, OR, 1997.
Entry
Variety
Type
Yield
Test
wt
Lodging
Height
lb/A
Ib/bu
90
inches
1
2
3
4
5
Klasic
4870453
4870255
4880372
4895181
HW
HW
HW
HW
HW
3850
4270
4340
3300
4750
61.0
58.0
62.0
61.0
59.5
0
0
0
0
0
22
30
30
33
31
6
7
8
9
10
ID 0377s
9437524
4920276
4920283
4920292
HW
HW
HW
HW
HW
4620
3040
3680
4500
3800
62.0
57.0
61.5
62.0
58.5
0
0
0
0
0
30
26
28
31
28
11
12
13
14
15
4920311
4920302
4920307
4930230
4940114
HW
HW
HW
HW
HW
3170
4110
4160
3890
3880
60.0
60.5
59.5
60.0
57.5
0
0
0
0
0
30
30
30
33
26
16
938963
HW
3940
60.0
0
22
3960
900
16
60.0
0
29
Mean
LSD (P= 0.05)
CV (%)
Klamath Experiment Station 1997 105
Klamath Experiment Station
Table 4. OSU Hard Red Spring Wheat Nursery: agronomic and grain quality data for spring wheat lines
established May 7, KES, Klamath Falls, OR, 1997.
Entry
Variety
Type
Yield
Test
wt
lb/A
Ib/bu
Lodging
Height
inches
1
2
3
4
5
McKay
Yecora R050
4870535
Klasic
4880189
HR
HR
HR
HW
HR
3850
4400
4600
4440
4360
57.5
60.0
58.0
60.5
59.5
0
0
0
0
0
28
24
31
26
30
6
7
8
9
10
4870410
4920002
AZBW -30P
4900041
WPB 926
HR
HR
HR
HR
HR
4450
4200
4400
5020
3880
57.5
60.0
57.0
60.0
60.0
0
0
0
0
0
31
31
31
28
31
11
12
13
14
15
WPB 936
4895011
3900362
4920028
4920330
HR
HR
HR
HR
HR
4060
4410
4240
4990
4480
58.5
62.0
58.5
60.5
59.0
0
0
0
0
0
28
31
24
28
30
16
17
18
4920331
948059
4940107
HR
HR
HR
4860
4230
4420
61.0
61.0
61.5
0
0
0
30
26
30
4410
580
9
59.6
0
29
Mean
LSD (P= 0.05)
CV (%)
106 Klamath Experiment Station 1997
Klamath Experiment Station
Table 5. OSU Soft White Spring Wheat Nursery: agronomic and grain quality data for spring wheat lines
established May 7, KES, Klamath Falls, OR, 1997.
Entry
Variety
Type
Yield
Test
wt
lb/A
lb/bu
Lodging
Height
inches
Dirkwin
Centennial
Penawawa
Alpowa
4850001
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
4420
4890
4840
4530
4880
57.0
62.0
60.0
62.5
61.5
0
0
0
0
0
35
30
33
37
30
6
7
8
9
10
4880013
4900085
4940137
942838
942845
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
5030
4780
4340
4660
4820
61.0
61.5
59.0
60.0
58.5
0
0
0
0
0
33
33
30
30
33
11
942885
942889
942950
4940142
4940143
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
4270
4630
4170
4210
4620
60.0
63.0
60.5
59.0
62.0
0
0
0
0
0
31
31
31
30
33
4610
NS
14
60.5
-
0
32
1
2
3
4
5
12
13
14
15
Mean
LSD (P= 0.05)
CV (%)
Klamath Experiment Station 1997 107
Klamath Experiment Station
Table 6. Oregon Statewide Spring Wheat Trial: grain yield, test weight, and protein content of spring wheat
lines established May 7, KES, Klamath Falls, OR, 1997.
Entry
Variety
Type
Yield
Test
wt
lb/A
Ib/bu
Protein
1
2
3
4
5
Penawawa
Treasure
Pomerelle
OR 4870453
Alpowa
SW
SW
SW
HW
SW
7470
6210
6120
5860
5970
60.7
59.7
60.6
59.2
60.9
10.8
10.4
11.7
10.8
11.5
6
7
8
9
10
ID 492
Whitebird
WA 7802
OR 4895181
Trical 2700
HR
SW
HR
HW
Trit.
5990
5650
5620
5260
4330
62.4
60.8
61.1
59.1
48.7
13.6
10.3
13.6
11.6
10.1
11
12
13
14
15
Alpowa - no Gaucho
ID 488
WPB 936R
ID 377S
Wawawai
SW
SW
HR
HW
SW
5040
4900
4850
4860
4920
61.5
59.8
59.1
60
60.7
11.5
11.1
14.5
12.2
11.6
16
17
18
19
20
Germains #10 DNS
Centennial
ID 462
Yecora Rojo
Klasic
HR
SW
HR
HR
HW
4500
4680
4800
4260
4220
56.9
59.3
61.5
59.2
59.4
14.7
11.8
13.8
14.8
13.6
21
McKay
HR
3860
58.5
13.9
5240
620
10
59.5
1.3
1
12.3
1.3
6
Mean
LSD (P ...= 0.05)
CV (%)
108 Klamath Experiment Station 1997
Klamath Experiment Station
Table 7. Oregon Statewide Spring Wheat Trial: grain yield and test weight of spring wheat lines
established May 14 on Lower Klamath Lake irrigated organic soil, Klamath Co.. OR, 1997.
Entry
1
2
3
4
5
Variety
Type
Yield
Test
wt
lb/A
lb/bu
Alpowa
Alpowa + Gaucho
Centennial
ID 377S
ID 462
SW
SW
SW
HW
HR
6240
6840
6990
6300
5910
63.5
63.5
64.0
64.5
63.5
6
7
8
9
10
ID 488
ID 492
Klasic
OR 4870453
OR 4895181
SW
HR
HW
HW
HW
7210
6450
5900
6100
6160
64.0
63.5
64.0
61.0
61.0
11
12
13
14
15
Penawawa
Pomerelle (ID448)
Treasure
Trical-2700
WA 7802
SW
SW
SW
Trit
HR
7220
7190
6620
6410
6170
63.0
62.0
60.5
58.0
62.5
16
17
18
19
20
Wawawai
Whitebird (ID 392)
McKay
WPB 936R
Yecora Rojo
SW
SW
HR
HR
HR
5580
5780
5980
7010
6000
62.5
63.0
62.0
63.0
63.5
21
Serra
SW
6270
62.0
6400
1000
9.5
62.6
Mean
LSD (P= 0.05)
CV (%)
Klamath Experiment Station 1997 109