Klamath Experiment Station Spring Barley Variety Screening, 1997 R.L. Dovel', R.S. Karow 2 , and G. Chilcote' A bstract Statewide barley variety trials were established in three locations across Klamath County in 1997, at the Klamath Experiment Station (KES) on mineral soil, at an irrigated organic soil site, and at an unirrigated organic soil site. The Western Regional Spring Wheat Nursery was also establised at KES. Barley stripe rust (BSR) has been an important factor in barley yield in the region for the past 3 years. Several varieties with better resistance to BSR than commonly grown varieties such as Steptoe and Colter, have also produced higher yields over that period. Two-row varieties tended to have lower BSR infection than six-row lines. The most commonly planted six-row varieties, Colter, Steptoe, Gustoe, and Gus had 83, 70, 55, and 53 percent BSR infection at KES, respectively. Ten two-row entries had 12 percent or less BSR infection at KES. Six entries in this group produced yields in excess of 5,000 lb/acre; Baronesse, Idagold, C-22, Galena, Chinook, and 78Ab 10274. Although B 1202 had 22 percent BSR infestation, it yielded 5080 lb/acre. The highest yielding entry at the irrigated organic soil site in 1997 was Nebula, a new variety that has shown less susceptibility to BSR than most commercially available varieties. BSR infection was not as severe at this site as at KES, and traditional 6-row varieties such as Gustoe, Colter, and Gus did quite well, ranking 2, 3, and 4 in yield at this site. Average yield at the unirrigated organic soil site was only 1,210 lb/acre because of frost and wheatstem maggot damage. The highest-yielding entries in the trial in 1997 were two lines that have been less susceptible to BSR, Gallatin and 78Ab 10274. Steptoe treated with Vitivax and Steptoe treated with Baytan were included in all trials. Baytan treatment resulted in no significant yield increase at any site. Introduction Spring barley accounts for about 80 percent of cereal crops grown on over 100,000 acres in the Klamath Basin. Both feed and malting types are important in the region. Barley variety trials planted at the Klamath Experiment Station (KES) in 1997 included the Western Regional Spring Barley trial in cooperation with western states plant breeders, early variety screening of barley stripe rust (BSR) resistant lines, and a statewide barley trial. The statewide trial is a collection of new varieties and promising lines from public and private breeding programs. The statewide trial, in cooperation with a number of Oregon State University (OSU) scientists, was planted at KES and at two sites in the Lower Klamath Lake area. Procedures All small grain variety trials at KES were V Associate Professor and Research Technician, respectively, Klamath Experiment Station, Klamath Falls, OR. 2 / Professor, Crop and Soil Science Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. Acknowledgments: Henze] Farms provided the off-station sites and crop care. Trials were supported by a grant from the Oregon Grains Commission. KES greatly appreciates their support and participation. Klamath Experiment Station 1997 87 Klamath Experiment Station Spring Barley Variety Screening, 1997 on land planted in potatoes the previous year. Soils at the station include Poe, Fordney, and Hosley series, all of which have a fine-loamy to sandy texture, are moderately deep, and somewhat poorly drained. The off-station trials were on very deep, poorly drained, lake bottom soils with high organic-matter content. These fields are cropped in spring cereals continuously. All plots at KES were sprinkler irrigated. Only one organic soil site was irrigated. All barley trials were arranged in a randomized complete block design with either three or four replications. Crops at KES were planted on May 7 and 8. Irrigated and unirrigated organic soil sites were planted on May 14 and May 2, respectively. Seed was planted to a depth of 1 inch. Seeding rates in OSU statewide trials were 30 seed/ ft'. All other trials had seeding rates of 100 lb/acre. All plots were fertilized with 20 lb N, 12 lb P 2 0 5 , and 9 lb S/acre at time of seeding. Additional fertilizer was broadcast prior to planting at 80 lb N, 48 lb P,O,, and 35 lb S/acre. Plots measured 5x 20 feet, with a row spacing of 6 inches (10 rows). At KES, bromoxynil and MCPA were applied at labeled rates to control broadleaf weeds. Weed control at organic soil sites was achieved with a mixture of 2,4-D and Banvel. Plots were harvested in mid to late September using a plot combine with a 5-foot wide header. Grain yield was recorded for all plots. Test weight, percentage of plumps, and percentage of thins were measured in only one replication. 88 Klamath Experiment Station 1997 Results and Discussion OSU Spring Barley Trials Mineral Soil Site Two-row Varieties tended to have lower BSR infection than six-row lines. The most commonly planted six-row varieties, Colter, Steptoe. Gustoe, and Gus had 83, 70, 55, and 53 percent infection, respectively (Table 1). Ten entries had 12 percent or less BSR infection. Six entries in this group produced yields in excess of 5,000 lb/acre: Baronesse, Idagold, C-22, Galena, Chinook, and 78Ab 10274. Baronesse is commonly planted in the area and has produced high yields in trials at KES and at organic soil sites for a number of years. Seed availability is limited for Galena, Idagold and C-22, varieties produced by Coors. The recently released BSR resistant variety 78Ab10274 also has very limited seed supplies. Seed of Chinook may be available in small quantities, however, it should be noted that this variety lodged severely in the trial. Crest produced 4,950 lb/acre and only had 8 percent BSR infection. Crest had 2 percent lodging. Although B 1202 had 22 percent BSR infestation, it yielded 5080 lb/acre. The commercially available 6-row entries with the lowest BSR infection were Gallatin and Nebula with 17 and 27 percent infection, respectively (Table 1). These varieties produced 5,270 and 4,990 lb/acre, respectively. Stander produced 5,120 lb/acre and had lower BSR infection than most 6-row entries. UC 960 had the lowest level of BSR infection of any 6-row entry in the trial. It is being considered for release by UC Davis researchers. BSR has been an important factor in barley yield in the region for the past 3 years. Several varieties, with better resistance to BSR than commonly grown varieties such as Steptoe and Colter, have also produced higher yields over that period. Klamath Experiment Station Spring Barley Variety Screening, 1997 Baronesse has been the leading producer over a 3-year period, followed by Stander, 78Ab 10274, and Crest (Table 2). BSR is a changeable organism: resistance to the disease in one year does not guarantee resistance in following years. What we currently have in commercially available spring barley varieties is best described as a gradient from less susceptible lines to very susceptible lines. Choosing varieties that have shown less disease expression in the past may result in less disease in subsequent years. However, vigilant scouting programs should be followed and application of foliar fungicides may be necessary until truly resistant lines are commercially available. Irrigated Organic Soil Site The highest yielding entry at this site in 1997 was Nebula, a new variety that has shown less susceptibility to BSR than most commercially available varieties (Table 3). BSR infection was not as severe at this site as at KES, and traditional 6-row varieties such as Gustoe, Colter, and Gus did quite well, ranking 2, 3, and 4 in yield at this site. Orca and UC/NK 2867 produced only slightly lower yields than the traditional lines and had almost no disease expression. Over the last two years, the top yielding varieties at this site were Gus, Colter, Gustoe, and Russell (Table 4). Colter produced the highest yield at this site over 3 year despite its susceptibility to BSR. Unirrigated Organic Soil Site For the third year in a row, a frost in midAugust damaged heads in the early stages of grain fill, resulting in low test weights and yields. The trial was not harvested in 1995, but damage was less severe in 1996 and 1997 so data were collected. The average yield was only 1,210 lb/ acre in 1997 and 1,650 lb/acre in 1996 and average test weights were 44.8 and 46.9 lb/acre, respectively (Tables 5 and 6). The highest yielding entries in the trial in 1997 were two lines that have been less susceptible to BSR, Gallatin and 78Ab 10274. The second highest yielding entry was Baronesse. Baronesse was the highest yielding entry at this site in 1996, producing 2,970 lb/acre, and was the second highest in percentage of plump kernels. Steptoe treated with Vitivax and Steptoe treated with Baytan were included in all trials. Baytan treatment resulted in no significant yield increase at any site. Similar inconclusive results were obtained from field scale and small plot studies at three sites in the Klamath Basin in both 1996 and 1997. It appears that late season BSR infestation occurred after the window of protection provided by Baytan had passed in both years. Western Regional Spring Barley Nursery Seven entries were not significantly lower yielding than WPB-BZ594-19, the highest yielding entry in the trial. Other high producing entries include SK CDC Dolly, UT2120, UT 4603, WA 8772-93, SK TR 128, MT H 18151195, and ID 90321. All of these entries produced significantly (P = 0.05) higher yields than Klages and Stander and all except the last two produced significantly higher yields than Steptoe. Top yielding varieties over the last two years include MT H18151195, WA 9792-90, Stander, ID90241, and BA 2B91-4947. Over a three-year period, BA 2B91-4947 was the highest yielding entry. Klamath Experiment Station 1997 89 Klamath Experiment Station Table 1. OSU Spring Barley Trial, Oregon Statewide Variety Testing Program, irrigated mineral soil site: agronomic and quality data of spring barley varieties and lines established May 8, KES, Klamath Falls, OR, 1 997. 50% Test Entry Variety Row BSR' Yield wt % lb/A Ib/bu Protein Lodging Height heading inches Julian Baronesse Chinook Colter Crest 2 2 6 2 12 6 83 8 5390 5160 3670 4950 51.9 52.9 44.7 52.7 11.0 11.4 9.9 11.3 0 25 0 2 30 31 31 30 185 189 181 188 6 7 8 9 10 Gallatin Orca B 1202 Russell Steptoe + Vitavax 6 2 2 6 6 17 6 22. 83 70 5270 4470 5080 3720 4500 52.7 51.0 50.3 47.0 46.2 11.1 11.6 11.4 10.5 10.2 17 0 0 0 0 30 30 31 30 29 186 182 188 181 183 11 12 13 14 15 Steptoe + Baytan Stander 78Ab10274 UC 960 Gustoe 6 6 2 6 6 78 48 2 7 55 4610 5120 5280 4650 3160 45.6 49.6 51.5 42.7 42.0 10.0 11.1 11.7 11.4 10.3 0 0 78 0 0 28 36 30 22 19 183 185 186 183 189 16 17 18 19 20 Gus Nebula B 2601 B 4947 88Y394 6 6 2 6 6 53 27 77 18 78 3410 4990 2990 4100 3080 41.9 44.0 45.7 49.0 45.2 10.5 10.6 10.8 10.8 11.6 0 0 0 0 5 20 24 27 30 26 189 191 186 192 185 21 22 23 24 25 86Ab2317 Bear Payette Galena Idagold 2 6 2 2 2 12 42 47 8 10 4990 4320 4120 5230 5370 51.3 56.0 47.6 51.8 51.4 11.4 12.7 10.9 11.2 11.0 2 0 0 0 0 33 32 24 27 24 188 192 191 189 192 26 C-22 2 5 5290 51.1 10.8 0 28 189 34 18 32 4520 1110 15 48.6 1.5 2 11.0 0.5 3 5 28 187 l 3 4 5 Average LSD (P= 0.05) CV (%) 1/ Percent of plant covered with barley stripe rust pustules. 90 Klamath Experiment Station 1997 Klamath Experiment Station Table 2. OSU Spring Barley Trial, Statewide Variety Testing Program, irrigated mineral soil site: grain yield of spring barley established at KES, Klamath Falls, OR, 1995-97. Variety Row Use' 3-year average rank yield lb/A 1997 Yield 1996 1995 2-year average rank yield lb/A lb/A lb/A lb/A 5150 4690 5130 4420 5150 4610 4740 3810 5270 4180 2 7 5230 4320 1 6 4070 8 3980 9 Baronesse Colter Maranna Russell 2 6 6 6 F F F M 5390 3670 Steptoe Crest Payette WPB BZ 489-74 6 2 6 6 F M F H 4500 4950 4120 3930 4530 4220 3120 4710 4240 4010 3480 4220 4740 4170 5 4 6 4380 4570 4120 5 4 7 Stander Gustoe Gus 78Ab10274 6 6 6 2 M F F F/M 5120 3160 3410 5280 5860 4460 4210 4270 4180 4230 4500 4940 5490 3810 3810 4780 1 9 9 3 5050 3950 4040 4830 2 10 8 3 4330 4500 4380 4400 Mean 3720 4390 F denotes a feed barley variety, M denotes a malting line, and H denotes a hooded line. Klamath Experiment Station 1997 91 Klamath Experiment Station Table 3. OSU Spring Barley Trial, Statewide Variety Testing Program, irrigated organic soil site: grain yield, test weight, and percent thins of spring barley lines established May 14 in Klamath Co., OR. 1997. Test Entry Variety Row Use' Yield wt lb/A Ib/bu Thins 6/64 5.5/64 pan 1 Baronesse 2 F 5130 55.0 97.3 1.9 0.7 2 3 4 5 UC/NK 2867 2 Chinook Colter Crest 6 2 6 2 F M F M 5560 4670 6210 4910 48.0 52.0 52.0 55.0 97.1 88.8 92.3 98.8 2.0 6.9 6.1 0.9 0.8 4.3 1.6 0.3 6 7 8 9 10 Gallatin Orca (was Icaro) B 1202 Russell Steptoe + Vitavax 2 2 2 6 6 F M M M F 4950 5820 5210 5310 4500 57.0 56.0 54.5 52.0 50.0 98.6 98.5 98.4 91.6 96.4 1.1 0.8 1.4 6.5 2.7 0.4 0.7 0.3 1.9 0.8 11 12 13 14 15 Steptoe + Baytan 78Ab10274 Bear (Hulless) Gustoe Gus 6 2 6 6 6 F F/M F F F 4730 4750 3780 6330 5980 51.0 51.5 61.0 51.0 52.0 97.6 87.9 83.8 92.3 94.0 1.7 6.7 12.3 6.1 4.9 0.8 5.4 3.9 1.6 1.1 16 17 Nebula 3 Steptoe (untreated) 6 6 F F 7080 4350 52.0 49.0 97.6 93.8 1.7 4.4 0.8 1.7 5250 930 11 52.9 - 94.4 4.0 1.6 Mean LSD (P= 0.05) CV (%) F denotes a feed barley variety, while M denotes a malting line. 2/ Persistant awns 3/ Very persistant awns 92 Klamath Experiment Station 1997 Klamath Experiment Station Table 4. OSU Spring Barley Trial, Statewide Variety Testing Program, irrigated organic soil site: grain yield of spring barley established in Klamath Co., OR, 1995-97. Variety Row Use' 1997 Yield 1996 1995 2-year average yield rank lb/A lb/A lb/A lb/A 3-year average rank yield lb/A 78Ab10274 Baronesse Colter Crest Gus 2 2 6 2 6 F/M F F M F 4750 5130 6210 4910 5980 2680 4430 4840 3680 5460 1960 2570 4520 2390 3780 3710 "4780 5530 4290 5720 10 5 2 9 1 3130 4040 5190 3660 5070 8 6 1 7 2 Gustoe Russell Steptoe (untreated) B 1202 Steptoe + Baytan 6 6 6 2 6 F M F M F 6330 5310 4350 5210 4730 4520 5010 4520 4210 4000 3180 3640 3480 5430 5160 4430 4710 4370 3 4 7 6 8 4680 4650 4120 3 4 5 Bear (Hulless) Chinook Gallatin Nebula Orca 6 2 2 6 2 F M F F M 3780 4670 4950 7080 5820 Steptoe + Vitavax UC/NK 2867 6 6 F F 4500 5560 4340 840 12 3190 780 14 4810 500 12 Mean LSD (P. 0.05) CV (%) 1/ 5250 930 11 4320 410 13 F denotes a feed barley variety, while M denotes a malting line. Klamath Experiment Station 1997 93 Klamath Experiment Station Table 5. OSU Spring Barley Trial, Statewide Variety Testing Program, unirrigated organic soil site: agronomic and quality data for spring barley lines established May 2 in Klamath Co., OR. 1997. Entry Variety Row Use' Yield Test wt Thins 6/64 5.5/64 pan lb/bu 51.0 35.0 50.0 48.0 51.0 89.5 79.1 73.7 84.1 86.1 Vc 6.9 14.8 17.3 10.9 8.7 3.6 6.0 9.0 5.0 5.2 Baronesse Washford Chinook Colter Crest 2 6 2 6 2 F H M F M lb/A 2120 340 1840 1260 1840 6 7 8 9 10 Gallatin Orca (was Icaro) B 1202 Russell Steptoe + Vitavax 2 2 2 6 6 F M M M F 2230 1620 2380 1730 520 51.0 50.0 49.0 50.0 44.0 76.7 89.3 71.7 83.7 87.7 14.7 7.2 16.0 11.2 8.3 8.6 3.6 12.3 5.1 4.0 11 12 13 14 15 Steptoe + Baytan Stander 78Ab10274 Bear (Hulless) Gustoe 6 6 2 6 6 F M F/M F F 330 0 2240 980 640 44.0 0.0 51.0 53.5 45.0 87.1 9.4 3.6 87.4 24.9 75.1 7.5 45.3 17.2 5.2 29.8 7.7 16 17 18 Gus Nebula Steptoe (untreated) 6 6 6 F F F 620 680 330 45.0 46.0 42.0 75.1 63.5 85.3 17.2 22.0 10.2 7.7 14.5 4.5 1210 560 28 44.8 77.6 14.4 8.0 1 2 3 4 5 Mean LSD (P= 0.05) CV (%) / F denotes a feed variety, M denotes a malting line, and H denotes a hooded line, typically used for hay. 1 94 Klamath Experiment Station 1997 Klamath Experiment Station Table 6. OSU Spring Barley Trial, Statewide Variety Testing Program, unirrigated organic soil site: grain yield of spring barley established in Klamath Co., OR, 1996 and 1997. Variety Row Use 1 1997 yield rank 1996 yield rank 2-year average yield rank lb/A lb/A lb/A 78Ab10274 B 1202 Baronesse Colter Crest 2 2 2 6 2 F M F F M 2240 2380 2120 1260 1840 2 1 4 9 6 2090 1580 2970 2470 2270 7 8 1 3 6 2160 1980 2540 1870 2060 2 5 1 6 4 Gus Gustoe Russell Stander Steptoe (untreated) 6 6 6 6 6 F F M M F 620 640 1730 0 330 13 11 7 18 16 720 980 2470 1530 2320 11 10 2 9 5 670 810 2100 760 1330 11 9 3 10 8 Steptoe + Baytan Bear (hulless) Chinook Gallatin Nebula 6 6 2 2 6 F F M F F 330 980 1840 2230 630 17 10 5 3 12 2470 4 1400 7 Orca Steptoe + Vitavax Washford 2 6 6 M F H 1620 520 340 8 14 15 Mean LSD (1). 0.05) CV (%) 1210 560 28 1990 540 20 1610 700 20 1/ F denotes a feed variety, M denotes a malting line, and H denotes a hooded line, typically used for hay. Klamath Experiment Station 1997 95 Klamath Experiment Station Table 7. Western Regional Spring Barley Nursery: agronomic data for spring barley lines established May 7, KES, Klamath Falls, OR, 1997. Entry Variety Row Yield Test wt lb/A lb/bu 5000 4670 5140 4370 5380 48.0 51.5 51.5 51.0 52.5 81.8 80.2 92.0 84.6 94.2 9.6 12.6 5.6 8.9 4.1 8.6 7.2 2.4 6.5 1.6 181 191 180 186 188 6/64 Thins 5.5/64 pan 50% heading Julian Steptoe Klages Morex Stander Harrington 6 2 6 6 2 F M M M 6 7 8 9 10 BA 2B91-4947 MT 886610 ID 90321 ID 90241 WA 8625-90 2 2 2 2 M M M M 5080 4960 5040 5500 5380 50.0 52.5 53.5 52.5 51.0 89.9 86.4 90.4 93.7 86.7 6.7 8.4 5.8 4.4 9.0 3.5 5.2 3.8 1.9 4.3 188 188 183 188 188 11 12 13 14 15 WA 9792-90 WA 8611-90 SK '1R128 SK TR133 SK TR139 -2 2 2 M M 4950 4930 5540 4940 4990 49.0 50.0 51.5 50.5 50.5 84.7 86.2 90.3 90.0 95.1 9.0 8.4 6.6 5.8 3.6 6.3 5.4 3.1 4.2 1.2 182 191 19] 188 191 16 17 18 19 20 MT H1851195 PB1-90-2R-934 PB1-92-6R-206 BA 2B92-5550 UT 4603 2 2 6 2 6 M F F M F 5500 4960 4380 4810 5650 52.0 50.0 50.0 51.0 - 94.1 90.7 83.4 88.8 - 4.2 6.6 9.8 6.8 1.7 2.7 6.8 4.4 185 188 186 189 182 21 22 23 24 25 UT 4198 ID 921368 MT 910150 OR 2937045 WA 7642-92 6 6 2 2 2 F M M M M 4380 4680 5170 4820 5040 47.0 49.0 54.0 53.5 51.0 81.0 85.5 93.4 97.5 80.1 9.3 7.9 4.4 1.8 11.3 9.7 6.6 2.1 0.7 8.6 185 181 186 182 188 26 27 28 29 30 WA 8772-93 WPB-BZ594-19 UT 2120 BA2B94-5337 BA6B93-2978 2 2 6 2 6 M M M M 5560 5930 5670 5160 4430 53.0 53.0 47.0 52.5 50.0 92.5 96.3 84.5 96.2 82.4 5.1 2.6 9.6 2.6 9.6 2.4 1.1 5.8 1.2 8.0 187 189 180 187 185 31 32 SK CDC Dolly SK CDC Fleet 2 2 F F 5870 4680 54.0 55.0 92.3 90.7 4.7 6.5 2.9 2.8 183 180 5080 520 7 51.2 - 88.9 - 6.8 4.3 186 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 Mean LSD (P= 0.05) CV (%) 1 Use' M / F denotes a feed barley variety, while M denotes a malting line. 96 Klamath Experiment Station 1997 - Klamath Experiment Station Table 8. Western Regional Spring Barley Nursery: grain yield of spring barley lines planted at KES, Klamath Falls, OR, 1995-97. Variety Row Use 1 2-Year Average yield rank 1997 Yield 1996 1995 lb/A lb/A lb/A lb/A 3-Year Average rank yield lb/A BA 2B91-4947 Harrington ID 90321 Klages Morex 2 2 2 2 2 M M M M M 5080 5380 5040 4670 5140 4130 3320 3600 3740 3220 4940 4630 4840 4770 4130 4600 4350 4320 4210 4180 5 13 14 16 17 4720 4440 4500 4390 4160 1 4 2 5 6 MT 886610 Steptoe BA 2B92-5550 ID 90241 MTH1851195 2 6 2 2 2 M F M M M 4960 5000 4810 5500 5500 3110 3740 3040 3720 5060 4410 4590 4040 4370 3930 4610 5280 18 12 20 4 1 4160 4450 7 3 PB1-90-2R-934 PB1-92-6R-206 SK TR128 SK TR133 SK TR139 2 6 2 2 2 F F 4960 4380 5540 4940 4990 4050 4550 3260 4210 3810 4500 4460 4400 4570 4400 7 8 9 6 10 Stander UT 4198 WA 8611-90 WA 8625-90 WA 9792-90 6 6 M F M M 4370 4380 4930 5380 4950 4890 3660 3650 3360 5610 4630 4020 4290 4370 5280 3 19 15 11 2 BA 2B94-5337 BA 6B93-2978 ID 921368 MT 910150 OR 2937045 2 M M M M M 5160 4430 4680 5170 4820 SK CDC Dolly SK CDC Fleet UT 2120 UT 4603 WA 7642-92 2 2 6 6 2 F F F M 5870 4680 5670 5650 5040 WA 8772-93 WPB-BZ594-19 2 2 M M 5560 5930 Mean LSD (P= 0.05) CV (%) 1/ 6 6 2 2 5080 520 7 3890 NS 31 4620 640 10 4440 500 18 4400 440 14 F denotes a feed barley variety, while M denotes a malting line. Klamath Experiment Station 1997 97
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