A Versatile Vehicle
7KH6SDFH6KXWWOH3URJUDPLVPDNLQJWKH9LVLRQ
IRU6SDFH([SORUDWLRQDUHDOLW\ 7KHILUVWWUXHDHUR
VSDFHYHKLFOHWKH6SDFH6KXWWOHWDNHVRII OLNHDURFNHW
7KHZLQJHGRUELWHUWKHQPDQHXYHUVDURXQGWKH(DUWK
OLNH D VSDFHVKLS DQG ODQGV RQ D UXQZD\ OLNH DQ DLU
SODQH
7KH6SDFH6KXWWOHLVGHVLJQHGWRFDUU\ODUJHDQG
KHDY\SD\ORDGVLQWRVSDFHDVZHOODVIHUU\UHVLGHQWFUHZV
WRWKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO6SDFH6WDWLRQ%XWXQOLNHHDUOLHU
PDQQHGVSDFHFUDIWWKDWZHUHJRRGIRURQO\RQHIOLJKW
WKH6KXWWOHRUELWHUDQG6ROLG5RFNHW%RRVWHUVFDQEH
XVHGDJDLQDQGDJDLQ
7KH6SDFH6KXWWOHLVDSULPHFDUULHURI FRPSRQHQWV
IRUDVVHPEO\RI WKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO6SDFH6WDWLRQ,66
0DMRUHOHPHQWVWKDWKDYHEHHQIHUULHGWRWKH,66DUH
WKH86/DE'HVWLQ\DURERWDUPDQDLUORFNDQGWUXVVHV
$OVRLWKDVFDUULHG0XOWL3XUSRVH/RJLVWLFV0RGXOHV
WKDW FRQWDLQHG VXSSOLHV HTXLSPHQW DQG H[SHULPHQW
UDFNV
(DUO\LQLWVVHUYLFHWKH6KXWWOHDOVRSURYLGHGWKH
FDSDELOLW\ WR UHSDLU RU VHUYLFH VSDFHFUDIW LQ RUELW RU
UHWXUQ WKHP WR (DUWK IRU D PRUH H[WHQVLYHRYHUKDXO
DQGDQRWKHUODXQFK7KH/RQJ'XUDWLRQ([SRVXUH)D
FLOLW\/'()DIUHHIO\LQJSD\ORDGUHPDLQHGLQRUELW
DOPRVWVL[\HDUVEHIRUHLWZDVUHFRYHUHGDQGUHWXUQHG
WR(DUWKZKHUHLW\LHOGHGDZHDOWKRI QHZGDWDRQWKH
VSDFHHQYLURQPHQW
$Q,17(/6$7FRPPHUFLDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQVVDW
HOOLWHVWUDQGHGLQDXVHOHVVRUELWZDVUHWULHYHGLQGUD
PDWLFIDVKLRQE\6KXWWOHDVWURQDXWVUHSDLUHGDQGWKHQ
UHERRVWHGWRLWVSURSHURUELWWREHJLQRSHUDWLRQ
7KH+XEEOH6SDFH7HOHVFRSHZDVVXFFHVVIXOO\VHU
YLFHGLQRUELW
6RPHWLPHV LQWHUSODQHWDU\ H[SORUHUV VXFK DV WKH
0DJHOODQPLVVLRQWR9HQXVRUWKH*DOLOHRPLVVLRQWR
-XSLWHU KDYH EHHQ ODXQFKHG IURP WKH 6SDFH 6KXWWOH
7KH\XVHGDQLQHUWLDOXSSHUVWDJHWRH[LW(DUWKRUELW
DQG EHJLQ WKHLU MRXUQH\V WR (DUWK·V SODQHWDU\ QHLJK
ERUV
A Unique Vehicle
7KHDELOLW\RI WKH6KXWWOHWRODQGRQDUXQZD\XQ
OLNHWKHH[SHQVLYHSDUDFKXWHGHVFHQWDQGUHFRYHU\DW
VHDWHFKQLTXHVXVHGLQWKH0HUFXU\*HPLQLDQG$SROOR
KXPDQ VSDFH IOLJKW SURJUDPV VDYHV ERWK WLPH DQG
PRQH\,QDGGLWLRQDJDLQXQOLNHSULRUPDQQHGVSDFH
FUDIWWKHPRVWH[SHQVLYH6KXWWOHFRPSRQHQWVFDQEH
UHIXUELVKHGDQGUHDGLHGIRUDQRWKHUODXQFK
7KHFRPSOH[DQGH[SHQVLYHRUELWHUZDVGHVLJQHG
WRODVWDPLQLPXPRI IOLJKWVDQGWKH6ROLG5RFNHW
%RRVWHUFDVLQJVHQJLQHQR]]OHVDQGSDUDFKXWHVZHUH
Just after sundown, Space Shuttle Endeavour approaches touchdown on KSC's Shuttle Landing Facility
Runway 33 to complete the STS-99 mission, launching
the Shuttle Radar Topography spacecraft.
EXLOWWRODVWIRUODXQFKHV2QO\WKH([WHUQDO7DQNLV
H[SHQGHGRQHDFKIOLJKW7KHKLJKFDUJRFDSDFLW\DQG
PDMRU FRPSRQHQW UHXVDELOLW\ RI WKH 6KXWWOH PDNH LW
XQLTXHDPRQJVSDFHYHKLFOHV
7KHRUELWHULVWKHRQO\SDUWRI WKH6SDFH6KXWWOH
WKDWKDVDQDPHLQDGGLWLRQWRDSDUWQXPEHU7KHILUVW
RUELWHUEXLOWZDVWKH(QWHUSULVHZKLFKZDVGHVLJQHG
IRU IOLJKW WHVWV LQ WKH DWPRVSKHUH UDWKHU WKDQ RSHUD
WLRQVLQVSDFH,WLVQRZDWWKH6PLWKVRQLDQ0XVHXPDW
'XOOHV$LUSRUWRXWVLGH:DVKLQJWRQ'&)LYHRSHUD
WLRQDORUELWHUVZHUHEXLOWLQRUGHU&ROXPELD29
ZKLFKZDVORVWLQDQDFFLGHQW)HE&KDOOHQJHU
29ZKLFKZDVORVWLQDQDFFLGHQW-DQ
'LVFRYHU\29$WODQWLV29DQG(QGHDY
RXU29
Parts of the Space Shuttle
7KHIOLJKWFRPSRQHQWVRI WKH6SDFH6KXWWOHDUHWZR
6ROLG5RFNHW%RRVWHUVDQ([WHUQDO7DQNDQGDZLQJHG
RUELWHU7KHDVVHPEOHG6KXWWOHZHLJKVDSSUR[LPDWHO\
PLOOLRQSRXQGVPLOOLRQNLORJUDPVDWOLIWRII
7KHRUELWHUFDUULHVWKHFUHZDQGSD\ORDG7KHVKLS
LV IHHW PHWHUV ORQJ DQG IHHW PHWHUV
KLJKKDVDZLQJVSDQRI IHHWPHWHUVDQGZHLJKV
SRXQGVNLORJUDPVZKHQLWLVHPSW\
,WLVVLPLODUWRWKHVL]HDQGJHQHUDOVKDSHRI D'&
FRPPHUFLDOMHWDLUSODQH2UELWHUVYDU\VOLJKWO\IURPYH
KLFOHWRYHKLFOH
7KHRUELWHUFDUULHVLWVFDUJRLQDFDYHUQRXVSD\ORDG
ED\IHHWPHWHUVORQJDQGIHHWPHWHUV
ZLGH7KHED\LVIOH[LEOHHQRXJKWRSURYLGHDFFRPPR
GDWLRQVIRUIXOO\HTXLSSHGVFLHQWLILFODERUDWRULHVVXFK
DV63$&(+$%'HSHQGLQJRQWKHUHTXLUHPHQWVRI WKH
SDUWLFXODU PLVVLRQ D 6SDFH 6KXWWOH FDQ FDUU\ DERXW
SRXQGVNLORJUDPVLQWRRUELW
$QRUELWHULVHTXLSSHGIRUIOLJKWZLWKWKUHHPDLQ
HQJLQHVHDFKSURGXFLQJSRXQGVPLO
OLRQQHZWRQVRI WKUXVWZKHQRSHUDWLQJDWSHUFHQW
DWOLIWRII DWVHDOHYHO7KLVILJXUHLVGHULYHGIURPIOLJKW
H[SHULHQFHDQGLVSHUFHQWEHWWHUWKDQWKHUHTXLUHG
GHVLJQPLQLPXP7KHHQJLQHVEXUQIRUPRUHWKDQHLJKW
PLQXWHVZKLOHWRJHWKHUGUDZLQJJDOORQV
OLWHUVRI SURSHOODQWVHDFKPLQXWHZKHQDWIXOOSRZHU
%HIRUHIOLJKWWKHRUELWHULVPDWHGWRDKXJHH[WHU
QDOWDQNVWDQGLQJIHHWPHWHUVKLJKDQG
IHHW PHWHUV LQ GLDPHWHU 7KH VXSHUOLJKWZHLJKW
WDQNILUVWIORZQLQZHLJKVPLOOLRQSRXQGV
NLORJUDPVDWOLIWRII
7ZRLQQHUWDQNVSURYLGHDPD[LPXPRI JDOORQVOLWHUVRI OLTXLGR[\JHQDQG
JDOORQVOLWHUVRI OLTXLGK\GURJHQ7KHWDQN
IHHGVWKHVHSURSHOODQWVWRWKHPDLQHQJLQHVRI WKHRU
ELWHUWKURXJKRXWWKHDVFHQWLQWRRUELWDQGWKHWDQNLV
WKHQGLVFDUGHG
0RVWRI WKH6KXWWOH·VSRZHUDWOLIWRII LVSURYLGHG
E\LWVWZR6ROLG5RFNHW%RRVWHUV(DFKERRVWHULV
IHHWPHWHUVKLJKDQGIHHWPHWHUVLQ
GLDPHWHU DQG HDFK ZHLJKV PLOOLRQ SRXQGV PLOOLRQNLORJUDPV7KHLUVROLGSURSHOODQWFRQVLVWVRI D
PL[WXUHRI DOXPLQXPSRZGHUDVWKHIXHODOXPLQXP
SHUFKORUDWHDVWKHR[LGL]HUDQGLURQR[LGHDVDFDWD
O\VWDOOKHOGWRJHWKHUE\DSRO\PHUELQGHU
)OLJKWH[SHULHQFHLQGLFDWHVWKDWZLWKLQVHFRQGV
DIWHULJQLWLRQWKHERRVWHUVHDFKSURGXFHDERXW
PLOOLRQSRXQGVPLOOLRQQHZWRQVRI WKUXVWEH
IRUHJUDGXDOO\GHFOLQLQJIRUWKHUHPDLQGHURI DWZR
PLQXWHEXUQ 7RJHWKHUZLWKWKHRUELWHU·VWKUHHPDLQ
HQJLQHVILULQJDWSHUFHQWWRWDOWKUXVWRI WKH6SDFH
6KXWWOHDWOLIWRIILVPLOOLRQSRXQGVPLO
OLRQQHZWRQV
,QRUELWPDQHXYHULQJFDSDELOLW\LVSURYLGHGE\WZR
VPDOOHU2UELWDO0DQHXYHULQJ6\VWHPHQJLQHVORFDWHG
RQ WKH RUELWHU 7KH\ EXUQ QLWURJHQ WHWUR[LGH DV WKH
R[LGL]HUDQGPRQRPHWK\OK\GUD]LQHDVWKHIXHOIURP
RQERDUGWDQNVFDUULHGLQWZRSRGVDWWKHXSSHUUHDU
7KH 206 HQJLQHV DUH XVHG IRU PDMRU PDQHXYHUV LQ
RUELWDQGIRU VORZLQJWKHYHKLFOHGXULQJUHHQWU\DW
WKHHQGRIWKHPLVVLRQ
Crew Accommodations
1RUPDOFUHZVL]HIRUD6KXWWOHIOLJKWLVILYHWRVHYHQ
SHRSOH7KHFUHZRFFXSLHVDWZROHYHOFDELQDWWKHIRU
ZDUGHQGRI WKHRUELWHU7KH\RSHUDWHWKHYHKLFOHIURP
WKHXSSHUOHYHOWKHIOLJKWGHFNZLWKWKHIOLJKWFRQWUROV
IRUWKHPLVVLRQFRPPDQGHUDQGSLORWORFDWHGLQWKH
IURQW
$VWDWLRQDWWKHUHDURYHUORRNLQJWKHSD\ORDGED\
WKURXJKWZRZLQGRZVFRQWDLQVWKHFRQWUROVDPLVVLRQ
FLDOLVWV7KHFRPPDQGHUDQGSLORWDUHVHOHFWHGIURP
WKHSLORWDVWURQDXWFRUSVKLJKO\TXDOLILHGLQGLYLGXDOV
ZLWKDWOHDVWKRXUVRISLORWLQFRPPDQGWLPHLQ
MHWDLUFUDIWDQGWKH\PXVWPHHWRWKHUULJRURXVTXDOLIL
FDWLRQV0LVVLRQVSHFLDOLVWVDUHVFLHQWLVWVSK\VLFLDQVRU
RWKHUKLJKO\TXDOLILHGVSHFLDOLVWV
3D\ORDGVSHFLDOLVWVDUHSHUVRQVRWKHUWKDQ1$6$
DVWURQDXWV²LQFOXGLQJLQWHUQDWLRQDOFLWL]HQV²ZKRKDYH
VSHFLDOL]HG RQERDUG GXWLHV 7KH\ PD\ EH DGGHG WR
6KXWWOHFUHZVLI DFWLYLWLHVDUHLQYROYHGWKDWKDYHXQLTXH
UHTXLUHPHQWV
6KXWWOHFUHZVH[SHULHQFHDPD[LPXPJUDYLW\ORDG
RI J
VGXULQJODXQFKDQGOHVVWKDQJ
VGXULQJUH
HQWU\7KHVHDFFHOHUDWLRQVDUHDERXWRQHWKLUGWKHOHY
HOVH[SHULHQFHGRQSUHYLRXV86KXPDQVSDFHIOLJKWV
0DQ\RWKHUIHDWXUHVRI WKH6SDFH6KXWWOH VXFKDVD
VWDQGDUGVHDOHYHODWPRVSKHUHPDNHVSDFHIOLJKWPRUH
FRPIRUWDEOHIRUWKHDVWURQDXW
Typical Shuttle Mission
Astronaut James F. Reilly, STS-104 mission specialist, looks over supplies in the Quest Airlock
aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Reilly
was one of two assigned spacewalkers on the STS104 mission. The third extravehicular activity utilized the new airlock, marking its first usage.
VSHFLDOLVW DVWURQDXW XVHV WR RSHUDWH WKH 5HPRWH 0D
QLSXODWRU6\VWHPDUPZKLFKKDQGOHVHOHPHQWVLQWKH
SD\ORDGED\
0LVVLRQRSHUDWLRQVGLVSOD\VDQGFRQWUROVDUHRQWKH
ULJKWVLGHRI WKHFDELQDQGSD\ORDGFRQWUROVDUHRQWKH
OHIW7KHODWWHUDUHVRPHWLPHVRSHUDWHGE\SD\ORDGVSH
FLDOLVWVZKRDUHXVXDOO\QRWFDUHHU1$6$DVWURQDXWV
7KH OLYLQJ HDWLQJ DQG VOHHSLQJ DUHD IRU RIIGXW\
FUHZPHPEHUVFDOOHGWKHPLGGHFNLVORFDWHGEHORZ
WKHIOLJKWGHFN,WFRQWDLQVSUHSDFNDJHGIRRGDWRLOHW
EXQNVDQGRWKHUDPHQLWLHV([SHULPHQWVIRUWKHIOLJKW
DOVRPD\EHVWRZHGLQPLGGHFNORFNHUV
$W\SLFDO6KXWWOHFUHZLQFOXGHVDFRPPDQGHUDQG
SLORWPLVVLRQVSHFLDOLVWVDQGRFFDVLRQDOO\SD\ORDGVSH
7KHURWDWLRQRI WKH(DUWKKDVDVLJQLILFDQWHIIHFW
RQWKHSD\ORDGFDSDELOLWLHVRI WKH6SDFH6KXWWOH$GXH
HDVWODXQFKIURPWKH.HQQHG\6SDFH&HQWHULQ)ORULGD
XVHVWKH(DUWK·VURWDWLRQDVDODXQFKDVVLVWVLQFHWKH
JURXQGLVWXUQLQJWRWKHHDVWDWWKDWSRLQWDWDVSHHGRI
PLOHVNLORPHWHUVSHUKRXU
6SDFHFUDIW DQG RWKHU SD\ORDG LWHPV DUULYH DW WKH
.HQQHG\ 6SDFH &HQWHU IRU ILQDO SURFHVVLQJ DQG DUH
FKHFNHGRXWLQVSHFLDOEXLOGLQJVEHIRUHEHLQJORDGHG
LQWRWKHRUELWHU(DFK6KXWWOHDUULYHVDWWKHSDGDVDVHW
RI DVVHPEOHGFRPSRQHQWV
7KH6ROLG5RFNHW%RRVWHUSURSHOODQWVHJPHQWVDUH
UHFHLYHGDQGFKHFNHGRXWLQDVSHFLDOIDFLOLW\WKHQWDNHQ
WRWKH9HKLFOH$VVHPEO\%XLOGLQJ9$%DQGVWDFNHG
RQD0RELOH/DXQFKHU3ODWIRUPWRIRUPWZRFRPSOHWH
URFNHWV7KH([WHUQDO7DQNLVUHFHLYHGDQGSUHSDUHG
IRUIOLJKWLQWKH9$%WKHQPDWHGWRWKHVROLGURFNHWV
$QRUELWHULVSUHSDUHGLQWKH2UELWHU3URFHVVLQJ
)DFLOLW\WKHQPRYHGWRWKH9$%DQGDWWDFKHGWRWKH
([WHUQDO7DQN$JLDQW&UDZOHUWUDQVSRUWHUSLFNVXS
WKH 0RELOH /DXQFKHU 3ODWIRUP DQG WKH DVVHPEOHG
6KXWWOHDQGWDNHVWKHPWRWKHSDG7KH6KXWWOHUHPDLQV
Orbiter Insulation
A special silica-based insulation in the form of tiles and blankets serves as the primary heat shield for the
orbiter. This material sheds heat so readily that one side can be held in bare hands while the opposite side is
red-hot. These lightweight tiles are made to survive temperatures of up to 2,500 degrees Fahrenheit (1,260
degrees Celsius). Previous crewed spacecraft used heat shields that ablated – flaked away in small pieces to
carry off heat from the surface – during the fiery entry into Earth’s atmosphere. In 1996 a fourth tile material
was introduced, using small quantities of alumina fiber. Fibrous Insulation Blankets, made of silica felt sandwiched between silica fabric and S-Glass fabric, also replaced a majority of the white tiles on the upper
surface. Currently, each orbiter has about 24,300 tiles and 2,300 flexible insulation blankets.
Suspended from an overhead crane, the orbiter Atlantis is
lowered toward the Solid Rocket Booster and External Tank
below, on top of the Mobile Launcher Platform, for mating
before rollout to the launch pad for mission STS-112.
RQWKHSODWIRUPXQWLOOLIWRII
7KHRUELWHU·VPDLQHQJLQHVLJQLWHILUVWDQGEXLOGWR
IXOOSRZHUEHIRUHWKHKXJHVROLGURFNHWVLJQLWHDQGOLIWRII
RFFXUV7KHVROLGURFNHWVEXUQRXWDIWHUDERXWWZRPLQ
XWHVDUHVHSDUDWHGIURPWKHWDQNDQGSDUDFKXWHLQWR
WKHRFHDQDERXWPLOHVNLORPHWHUVIURPWKH
ODXQFKVLWH7ZRVSHFLDOUHFRYHU\VKLSVSXOOWKHSDUD
FKXWHVRXWRI WKHZDWHUDQGWRZWKHURFNHWFDVLQJVWR
ODQGZKHUHWKH\DUHUHIXUELVKHGDQGVHQWEDFNWRWKH
PDQXIDFWXUHUWREHILOOHGDJDLQZLWKSURSHOODQW
7KHRUELWHUFRQWLQXHVLQWRVSDFH²DWRWDORI PRUH
WKDQHLJKWPLQXWHVRI EXUQWLPHRQWKHWKUHHPDLQHQ
JLQHV²DQGWKHQVHSDUDWHVIURPWKHH[WHUQDOWDQN7KH
ODWWHUEUHDNVXSDVLWUHHQWHUVWKHDWPRVSKHUHRYHUDQ
XQLQKDELWHGDUHDRIWKH,QGLDQ2FHDQ
2QPRVWPLVVLRQVWKHRUELWHUHQWHUVDQHOOLSWLFDO
RUELWWKHQFRDVWVDURXQGWKH(DUWKWRWKHRSSRVLWHVLGH
7KH2UELWDO0DQHXYHULQJ6\VWHP206HQJLQHVWKHQ
ILUHORQJHQRXJKWRVWDELOL]HDQGFLUFXODUL]HWKHRUELW
2QVRPHPLVVLRQVWKH206HQJLQHVDOVRDUHILUHG
DIWHUWKH([WHUQDO7DQNVHSDUDWHVLI PRUHYHORFLW\LV
QHHGHGWRUHDFKWKHGHVLUHGDOWLWXGHIRUWKHEXUQWKDW
FLUFXODUL]HV WKH RUELW /DWHU 206 EXUQV FDQ UDLVH RU
DGMXVWWKLVRUELWLIUHTXLUHG
$W\SLFDO6KXWWOHIOLJKWODVWVDERXWGD\VEXWPD\
EHDEOHWRVWD\LQVSDFHXSWRGD\VRUORQJHU$IWHU
FRPSOHWLQJ PLVVLRQ REMHFWLYHV VXFK DV GHSOR\LQJ D
6SDFH6WDWLRQPRGXOHRSHUDWLQJRQERDUGVFLHQWLILFLQ
VWUXPHQWVRUFRQGXFWLQJH[SHULPHQWVWKHRUELWHUUH
HQWHUVWKHDWPRVSKHUHDQGODQGV
.HQQHG\6SDFH&HQWHULVFRQVLGHUHGWKHSULPHHQG
RIPLVVLRQODQGLQJVLWHZKLOH(GZDUGV$LU)RUFH%DVH
&DOLILVWKHDOWHUQDWH8QOLNHSULRUFUHZHGVSDFHFUDIW
Improved Space Suit and Unique Rescue System for Spacewalkers
An improved space suit and an independent rescue unit were developed for the Shuttle by the Johnson
Space Center in Houston. Johnson is responsible for mission planning and provides ground control and
support during each flight. The space suit has been used when a crew member is working outside the pressurized crew cabin, Spacelab or SPACEHAB modules.
Unlike earlier suits, each of which was tailored to an astronaut’s specific measurements, the Shuttle-era
space suits come in small, medium and large sizes, and can be adjusted to fit both men and women. A suit
comes in two parts — upper torso and pants — and each part is pressure-sealed, unlike previous suits that
were zipper-sealed at the waist. The material used for the elbow, knee and other joints is a fabric that allows
easier movement, and costs and weighs less than the neoprene rubber joints of earlier units. Each suit has
an integral Primary Life Support System, rather than the previously required set of connected tanks carried
on astronauts' backs.
A Simplified Aid For Extravehicular Activity Rescue (SAFER) was developed by Johnson for emergency
situations. A scaled-down version of the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU) flown aboard Shuttle missions in
1984, the SAFER is designed for self-rescue use by a spacewalker in the event the Shuttle is unable or
unavailable to retrieve a detached, drifting crew member. Examples of such times may include a mission
where the Shuttle is docked to the International Space Station. The SAFER was first flown on STS-64 in
September 1994.
ZKLFKIROORZHGDEDOOLVWLFWUDMHFWRU\XSRQUHHQWU\WKH
RUELWHUKDVDFURVVUDQJHFDSDELOLW\FDQPRYHWRWKH
ULJKWRUOHIWRI WKHVWUDLJKWOLQHRI LWVHQWU\SDWKRI
DERXWPLOHVNLORPHWHUV
7KHODQGLQJVSHHGLVIURPDERXWWRPLOHV
WRNLORPHWHUVSHUKRXU7KHRUELWHULVLPPH
GLDWHO\´VDIHGµE\DJURXQGFUHZZLWKVSHFLDOHTXLS
PHQWWKHILUVWVWHSLQWKHSURFHVVZKLFKZLOOUHVXOWLQ
DQRWKHUODXQFKRI WKLVSDUWLFXODURUELWHU
Spacelab and SPACEHAB:
Science in Orbit
¬¬¬3HULRGLFDOO\WKH6KXWWOHLVVFKHGXOHGWRFDUU\D
FRPSOHWHVFLHQWLILFODERUDWRU\LQWR(DUWKRUELW¬7ZR
FRQILJXUDWLRQVKDYHEHHQXVHG¬WKH6SDFHODEXQWLO
DQGWKHFXUUHQW63$&(+$%
7KHVHPRGXOHVDUHVLPLODUWRDVPDOOZHOOHTXLSSHG
ODERUDWRU\RQ(DUWKEXWGHVLJQHGIRU]HURJUDYLW\RS
HUDWLRQ¬7KH\SURYLGHDVKLUWVOHHYHSUHVVXUL]HGHQYL
URQPHQWZKHUHFUHZPHPEHUVFDQSHUIRUPVFLHQWLILF
WHVWVXVLQJWKHKLJKYDFXXPDQGPLFURJUDYLW\RI RU
ELWDOVSDFH¬7KH\DOVRFDQPDNHDVWURQRPLFDOREVHU
YDWLRQVDERYHWKH(DUWK·VREVFXULQJDWPRVSKHUH
7ZRFRPSOHWH6SDFHODEVSOXVLQVWUXPHQWFDUU\LQJ
SODWIRUPVH[SRVHGWRVSDFHFDOOHG´SDOOHWVµZHUHEXLOW
E\ WKH (XURSHDQ 6SDFH $JHQF\ ZKLFK SDLG IRU WKH
GHYHORSPHQWH[SHQVHDQGPDQXIDFWXULQJFRVWVRI WKH
ILUVWRQH1$6$SXUFKDVHGWKHVHFRQGXQLW
6SDFHODEH[SHULPHQWVIRUDSDUWLFXODUPLVVLRQZHUH
VSRQVRUHGDQGRURUJDQL]HGE\DQDWLRQVXFKDVWKH
*HUPDQ'DQG'IOLJKWVDQGWKH6SDFHODE-PLV
VLRQMRLQWO\VSRQVRUHGE\-DSDQDQG1$6$
,Q RWKHU FDVHV WKH\ ZHUH RULHQWHG DURXQG D SDU
WLFXODUILHOGVXFKDVWKH6SDFHODE/LIH6FLHQFHVDQG
PLVVLRQV WKDW IRFXVHG RQ OLIH VFLHQFH UHVHDUFK LQ
PLFURJUDYLW\
6RPHWLPHV6SDFHODEIOHZDVDQDOOSDOOHWFRQILJX
UDWLRQLQZKLFKDOOWKHLQVWUXPHQWVZHUHH[SRVHGWR
VSDFHDQGRSHUDWHGIURPLQVLGHWKHRUELWHU
7KH63$&(+$%PRGXOHZDVFRPPHUFLDOO\GHYHO
RSHGE\63$&(+$%,QF¬7KHPRGXOHRIIHUVXSWR
VWDQGDUGORFNHUVVXFKDVWKRVHIRXQGLQWKHRUELWHU
PLGGHFNDQGWZRVLQJOHRUGRXEOHUDFNVIRUH[SHUL
PHQWV
$OVRWKHUHLVDFFHVVWRWKHH[WHULRURI WKHPRGXOH
IRUH[SHULPHQWVUHTXLULQJH[SRVXUHWRWKHVSDFHHQYL
URQPHQW¬63$&(+$%PRGXOHVFDQIO\DVDVLQJOHXQLW
IRUUHVHDUFKSXUSRVHVRUDVHFRQGPRGXOHFDQEHDW
WDFKHG WR GRXEOH WKH ZRUNLQJ DQG OLYLQJ VSDFH¬ $
GRXEOHPRGXOHRIIHUVPRUHHTXLSPHQWVWRUDJHDQGD
ODUJHUDUHDIRUFUHZPHPEHUVWRFRQGXFWH[SHULPHQWV
7KH 63$&(+$% UHPDLQV LQ WKH RUELWHU SD\ORDG
ED\WKURXJKRXWWKHPLVVLRQ¬$IWHUODQGLQJWKHODERUD
WRU\LVUHPRYHGDQGSUHSDUDWLRQVEHJLQWRFRQILJXUHLW
IRULWVQH[WIOLJKW
National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
International Space Station
:LWKWKHXQLTXHFDUJRFDSDELOLW\WKH6SDFH6KXWWOH
KDVFDUULHGPDQ\RI WKHFRPSRQHQWSDUWVRI WKH,QWHU
QDWLRQDO6SDFH6WDWLRQLQWRRUELWIRUDVVHPEO\LQVSDFH
DQGLVWKHRQO\YHKLFOHWKDWFDQFRPSOHWHDVVHPEO\RI
WKH6WDWLRQ¬&RQVWUXFWLRQRI WKH6SDFH6WDWLRQLVWDU
JHWHGIRUFRPSOHWLRQLQ
:LWKDVRODUDUUD\ZLQJVSDQRI IHHWDQGWKH
PRGXOHVVSDQQLQJIHHWWKHILQLVKHG6SDFH6WDWLRQ
ZLOOEHWKHODUJHVWVWUXFWXUHHYHUDVVHPEOHGLQVSDFH¬
,WDOVRUHSUHVHQWVWKHODUJHVWLQWHUQDWLRQDOFRRSHUDWLYH
SURJUDP LQ VSDFH KLVWRU\ DQG ZLOO LQFOXGH FRQWULEX
WLRQVIURPVSDFHDJHQFLHVLQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV-DSDQ
&DQDGD(XURSHDQG5XVVLD
7KH,QWHUQDWLRQDO6SDFH6WDWLRQLVDXQLTXHWHVWEHG
IRU UHVHDUFK DQG WHFKQRORJ\ WKDW ZLOO HQDEOH IXWXUH
KXPDQH[SORUDWLRQDQGDOUHDG\SURYLGHVEHQHILWVKHUH
RQ(DUWK¬7KH6WDWLRQIDFLOLWLHVDUH¬WHVWLQJWKHHIIHFWV
RI PLFURJUDYLW\RQWKHKXPDQERG\DQGGHYHORSLQJ
WKHKDUGZDUHDQGRSHUDWLRQDOH[SHUWLVHQHHGHGIRUIX
WXUHORQJGXUDWLRQPLVVLRQV¬7KRVHVWXGLHVDQGWHFK
QRORJLHVDUHPDNLQJDGYDQFHVLQDZLGHYDULHW\RI UH
VHDUFKDUHDVRQ(DUWKLQFOXGLQJRVWHRSRURVLVIRUPD
WLRQRI NLGQH\VWRQHVLQWHUQDORUJDQDQGERQHLPDJ
LQJPDQXIDFWXULQJSURFHVVHVDQGIOXLGG\QDPLFV
STS-112 Mission Specialist David A. Wolf is anchored to
a foot restraint on the Canadarm2 as he carries the Starboard One (S1) outboard nadir external camera to the
S1 Truss on the International Space Station.
NASA: Explore. Discover. Understand.
IS-2005-06-021-KSC
John F. Kennedy Space Center
Space
Shuttle
Space Shuttle Endeavour blazes into the night sky on
mission STS-113 Nov. 23, 2002, at 7:49 p.m. EST.
The launch was the 19th for Endeavour and the 112th
flight in the Shuttle program. The mission was the 16th
assembly flight to the International Space Station,
carrying the P1 integrated truss for the Station.