Strictly as per the Latest Syllabus and Design
Prescribed by SCERT Kerala Education Board
FOR
2017
EXAM
KERALA SSLC
QUESTION BANK
with Complete Solutions
CLASS 10
BIOLOGY
Based on Latest SCERT Textbook issued by
Governmetn of Kerala Department of Education in 2016
Published by :
Ph.:
email :
Fax :
website :
TO BUY THESE BOOKS VISIT
ALEPPEY
ALAPPUZHA
ALUVA
CALICUT
CHANDRAPURA
CHANGANASSERY
CHENGANNUR
ANGAMALY
ERNAKULAM
JOMER NILAYAM
KADAVANTHRA
KALAMASSERY
KANNUR
KASARAGOD
KOCHI
KODUNGAPUR
KOLLAM
KOTTARAKKARA
KOTTAYAM
S.T. Reddiar & Sons Book Depot, (0477) 2263396
Vidyarambham Publishers, (0477) 226151
The Book Corner, (0484) 2629904
Arya Books, (0495) 4013660
Aman Book Stall, (0495) 3048187, 2721282
Aathira Book Stall, (0495) 4022316
H & C Store, (0495) 2720620
I. Q. Plus Book, 09037004826
S. H. Book World, 09447182125
Southern Book Stall, 09544673507
Priya Book Center, (0481) 2576192
Galaxy Books, 09747783281
Basil Books, 09400092925
Asad Book House, (0484) 2370431
Academic Book House, (0484) 2376613
H & C Store, (0484) 2377235
Orbit Book Centre, (0484) 2382758
Surya Book Centre, 09847238314
Surya Book House, (0484) 2363721
H & C Store, (0484) 2350128
UBS Publisher & Dist., (0484) 2353901
H & C Stores, (0484) 2203683
Moulavi Books, (0484) 2541786
Athulya Books, (0497) 2709294
Book Land, 09847794820
H & C Store, 09387848666
Jambo Books, (0497) 2712433
Mustafa, (0497) 2769809
Moulavi Book Depot, (04994) 220354
Vidya Book House, (04994) 224212
Skoo Books Store, 09961265008
Pisces Agencies, (09846132163)
Ashok Books & Stationery, (0474) 2741676
Ashok Press, 09847074037
Bhavana Book Center, 09895685353
Book Mart, (0474) 2750081
H & C Store, (0474) 2765421
K.C. Book, 09400877358
Vasantha Book Stall, (0474) 274852
Book4S&C, 09387920890
BOOK Centre, (0481) 2566992
Current Books, (0481) 2563111
H & C Store, (0481) 2304351
Royal Book Depot, (0481) 2567023
Saradhi Books, (0481) 2300604
Saradhi Publisher & Dist., (0481) 2568937
Teachers Publications, 09895399055
KOZHIKODE
T.B.S. Publishers, (0495) 2721025, 2720085
KUNNAMKULAM
Book Center, (04885) 222995
H & C Stores, (04885) 222243
MALAPPURAM
H & C Store, (0493) 3225520
Sree Sankaracharya Campus, 09388162153
PALAKKAD
H & C Store, (0491) 2526317
PALARIVATTOM
H & C Stores, (0484) 2344337
PATHANAMTHITTA H & C Store, (0468) 2223081
PERUMBAVOOR
Adithya Book House, 09446547079
THODUPUZHA
H & C Store, 09497715421
THRISSUR
Cosmos Books, (0487) 2335292
Current Books, (0487) 2335570
Giftalia Book Bhawan, (0487) 2442290
H & C Store, (0487) 2421467
Vidya Bhawan Book Stall, (0487) 2335269
Minerva Books, (0457) 2338301
TIRUVALLA
Vidyarthi Mithrem, (0469) 2702997
THIRUVANTHAPURAMAmass Book Centre, (0471) 2334348
New Capital Books, (0470) 2604285
Raghuvangi, 09447219938
THRIPPUNITHRA
Central Book Depot, (0487) 2779196
H & C Store, (0484) 2777137
TRIVANDRUM
Acedemic Book House, (0471) 2333349
Edumart, (0471) 2322223
H & C Store, (0471) 695001
Bhaskar Books, 09847471196
Golden Books, 08589923758
Ideal Book Center, 09645163611
Modern Book Center, (0471) 2331816
Moonlight Book Shop, (0471) 233008
Ocean Books, (0471) 3251102
Vinayaka Book Stall, (0471) 2464590
Published By :
OSWAAL BOOKS
1/11, Sahitya Kunj, M.G. Road, Agra - 282002 (UP) India
0562 - 2857671, 2527781
0562 - 2854582, 2527784
[email protected]
www.OswaalBooks.com
© Publisher
Disclaimer :
Oswaal Books has exercised due care and caution in collecting the data before publishing this book.
Inspite of this if any omission, inaccuracy or printing error occurs with regards to the data contained in
this book, Oswaal Books will not be held responsible or liable. Oswaal Books will be grateful if you could
point out any such error or your suggestion which will be of great help for other readers.
CONTENTS
1.
Sensation and Reponses
5 - 15
Topic-1 : Neuron and Nerve Impulse
Topic-2 : Kinds of Nervous System
Topic-3 : Reflex Action, Diseases Affecting Nervous System
2.
Windows of Knowledge
16 - 25
Topic-1 : Eye
Topic-2 : Ear
Topic-3 : Taste, Smell and Touch
3.
Chemical Messages for Homeostasis
26 - 40
Topic-1 : Chemical Co-ordination in Animals
Topic-2 : Pheromones and Plant Hormones
4.
Keeping Diseases Away
41 - 54
Topic-1 : Common Diseases, Causes and Symptoms
Topic-2 : Bad Habits & Diseases, Genetic Diseases
Topic-3 : Plant Diseases
5.
Soldiers of Defense
55 - 69
Topic-1 : The Skin Defense
Topic-2 : Blood - A Defense Mechanism and Immune System
Topic-3 : Methods of Treatment
Topic-4 : Defense Mechanism in Plants
6.
Unravelling Genetic Mysteries
70 - 80
Topic-1 : Mendels Law of Genetics
Topic-2 : Chromosomes, Sex Determination and Structure of DNA
7.
Genetics for the Future
81 - 86
8.
The Paths Traversed by Life
87 - 96
Topic-1 : Origin of Life on Earth
Topic-2 : Evolutionary Evidences
qq
(3)
PREFACE
Malcolm Forbes said “Education's purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one”
and this is something which is always followed by Government of Kerala, Department of Education,
whether through their education system framework or recent enhancement in their curriculum. The
aim of their Curriculum is not just to let learners obtain basic knowledge but to make them lifelong learners.
The purpose of this book is to nurture individuality and thus enhance one's innate potentials
which help in increasing the self-study mode for students. This book strengthens knowledge and
attitude related to subject. This book is designed in such a way that students can set their own goals
and can improve their problem solving and thinking skills.
This book is strictly as per the latest SCERT Kerala Textbook, introduced by SSLC Board in
2016. It follows the latest syllabus prescribed by the board. It contains all types of questions like
Textbook Questions, VSA Questions (Very Short Answer), SA Questions (Short Answer), MCQs
(Multiple Choice Questions) and LA Questions (Long Answer). A synopsis is given for every chapter
which contains important points from that chapter. Each chapter has high quality figures wherever
required for better, fast and clear understanding.
OSWAAL SSLC Question Bank is different and better in terms of High Quality Questions
which are developed by 'OSWAAL Expert Panel' which ensures success in examination. The Question
Bank is arranged ‘Topic-Wise’ where each topic from every chapter is explained in detail. High quality
figures and Flow charts are given to improve retention of concepts.
Through OSWAAL Books students are taught how to think, not what to think. We at
OSWAAL Books try to use quality content, standard language, creativity and high quality figures,
which makes readers to enjoy it because we believe if our readers don't enjoy reading our book then
there is no use in reading it at all. This is one of the reasons that the scope of this book extends from
students to teachers. Teachers can use this book as a perfect teaching guide and students can use
this book for good learning and practice.
At last we would like to thank our authors, editors, reviewers and specially students whom
we request to send suggestions regularly which will help in continuous improvement of this book
and will make this book “One of the Best”. Wish you all Happy Learning.
–Publisher
Why Topic Wise Question Banks Are A Better Choice than Previous Year’s Papers ?
Question Banks
1. Chapter-wise and Topic –wise presentation
in Question Banks facilitates systematic
study.
2. Question Banks can be referred to by the
students throughout the year as well as at
the completion of each chapter in school.
Previous Years’ Papers
1. Year Wise presentation restricts
methodical flow of learning.
2. These can be referred to only after the
completion of the full syllabus in school.
3.
3. Question Banks, take into account any
changes in syllabus or layout and hence are
fully updated and aligned as per the latest
specifications by the Board.
(4)
Previous Years' questions cannot be
changed and hence fail to be adept with
the latest Board specifications
1
CHAPTER
SENSATION
AND REPONSES
SYLLABUS
Neuron, Generation of Impulses, Synapse, Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System,
�
Diseases affecting Nervous System.
TOPIC-1
Neuron and Nerve Impulse
QUICK REVIEW
TOPIC - 1
Neuron and Nerve Impulse
.... P. 5
 The nervous system controls and co-ordinates the functions of the
body.
TOPIC - 2
 Brain, spinal cord, nerves and sensory receptors constitute the nervous
Kinds of Nervous System
.... P. 9
system.
TOPIC - 3
 A neuron, the basic unit of the nervous system, has three important
Reflex Action, Diseases Affecting
parts : cyton or cell body, axon and dendron.
Nervous System
.... P. 13
 A fixed number of neuron is present in human being when he is born.
This number is constant during his lifetime.
 Cyton or cell body conducts impulses.
 Axon conducts impulses from cell body to other neurons.
 Dendrons are cytoplasmic growth arising from cell body.
 Dendrites are branches of the dendron and axonites are the branches of axon.
 Nerves are of three types :
zz Sensory nerves
zz Motor nerves
zz Mixed nerves
 Never impulse : It is the information in the form of chemical and electrical signals passing through neurons.
These impulses are carried by dendrites towards the cell body.
 Neuromuscular function : It is the point where a muscle fibre comes in contact with a motor neuron carrying
nerve impulses from the central nervous system. The impulses travel from the neuron to the muscle fibre by
means of a neurotransmitter in the same way as the transmission of impulses across a synapse between two
neurons.
 Synapse : It is the junction between two adjacent neurons or nerve cells i.e., between the axon ending of one and
the dendrites of the next.
 Transmission of nerve impulse : The information acquired at the end of the dendritic tip of a neuron sets off a
chemical reaction which creates an electrical impulse. This impulse travel from the dendrite to the cyton along the
axon to its end. At the end of the axon, the electrical impulse sets off the release of some chemicals, which cross the
synapse and start a similar electrical impulse in a dendrite of the next neuron. In this way nerve impulse travel in
the body.
6 ]
Oswaal Kerala SSLC Question Bank, BIOLOGY, Class – X
KNOW THE TERMS
















Nervous system : The system that controls and co-ordinates the functions of the body.
Neuron : The basic unit of the nervous system.
Cyton : Cell body of a neuron.
Myelin sheath : A glistening white-coloured sheath that provides nutrients and protection to the nerve cells and
enhances the transmission of nerve impulses by acting as an insulator.
Schwann cells : Cells with definite nucleus and their cytoplasm is filled with a fatty material. Myelin sheath is
made up of Schwann cells.
Synaptic knob : The swollen tip of an axonite.
Nerve : A group of nerve fibres or axons covered by connective tissue.
Sensory nerves : Nerves composed of nerve fibres carrying impulses from the sense organs to the brain and
spinal cord.
Motor nerves : Nerves consisting of nerve fibres that transmit messages from the brain and spinal cord to different
organs and muscles.
Mixed nerves : Nerves composed of both sensory and motor nerve fibres.
Nerve ganglion : A cluster of cell bodies found in certain nerves which appears like a tiny globular swelling.
Receptors : Capable of receiving stimuli from within the body and external environment. They are located in
sense organs and in other different organs.
Stimuli : Factors that can produce response in organisms are stimuli.
Impulse : The flow of electric charge resulting from variations in equilibrium.
Response : Changes that take place in the body when impulses reach the brain or the spinal cord through nerves.
Synapse : The junction between two neurons. Impulses transmitted from one neuron to another pass through
the synapse.
FLOWCHART
Nerves
Sensory
From sense organs
to brain/spinal
cord
Motor
Mixed
From brain/spinal
cord to organs and
muscles
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Q. 1.Mention the main part of a neuron.
[TBQ]
Ans.The main part of neuron are :
(i)Cyton
(ii)Axon
(iii)Dendron
(1)
Q. 3.How is myelin sheath formed ?
[TBQ]
Ans.Schwann cells, a part of nervous tissues, repeatedly
encircle the axons to form the myelin sheath. (1)
Q. 4.Mention the charge present on either side of the
plasma membrane in a resting state.
[TBQ]
Ans.Outer surface positively charged and inner surface
negatively charged.
(1)
Composed of both
sensory and
motor fibres
(1 mark each)
Q. 4.Find out the relationship between the pair of
words and fill up the blanks:
Cranial nerve : Communication from brain to
organ
………… : Communication from spinal cord to
organ.
Ans.Spinal nerve.
(1)
Q. 5.Find the odd one. Write down the common features
of others.
Dendrite, Dendron, Axon, Nephron
Ans.Nephron; the others are part of a neuron.
(1)
[ 7
SENSATION AND REPONSES Q. 6.Find out from the picture the part through which
impulses travel out of the nerve cell.
Ans.C.
(1)
Q. 7.Fill in the blanks :
(i)The factors that can produce response in
organism are ………
(ii) Optic nerve is an example of ………
Ans. (i) Stimuli (ii) Sensory nerve
(½+½)
Q. 8.What is known as ganglion ?
Ans.Ganglion is a group of cell bodies enveloped by a
membrane. Numerous ganglia are seen near the
brain at the root of cranial nerves and on either side
of the vertebral column.
(1)
Q. 9.Name two tissues which provide control and coordination in animals.
Ans.Nervous tissues and muscular tissues
(½+½)
Q. 10.Which part of the neuron acquire information ?
Ans.Dendrite.
(1)
Q. 11.Name the largest cell present in the human body.
Ans.Neuron.
Q. 12.Which part of the neuron travels information as
electric impulse ?
Ans.Axon.
(1)
Short Answer Type Questions-I
Q. 1.Correct the mistakes, if any, in the flowchart and redraw.
2 marks each
[TBQ]
Ans.
Q. 2.Examine the diagram and label the parts correctly.
Ans.(A) Axon,
(B) Dendron,
(C) Axonite,
(D) Dendrite.
(½×4)
Q. 3.Mention the function of myelin sheath.
[TBQ]
Ans.The major function of the myelin sheath are to provide nutrients and oxygen to the axon, accelerates impulses,
act as an electric insulator and protect the axon from external shocks.
(2)
Q. 4.Mention the change in the distribution of ions on both sides of the plasma membrane when it gets stimulated.
[TBQ]
Ans.During stimulation, the outer surface becomes negatively charged while the inner surface becomes positively
charged.
(2)
Q. 5.Find out the odd one and identify the common features of others :
(i) Dendrite, acetyl choline, axon, synaptic knob, (ii) Pelvis, pyramid, neuron, nephron.
Ans. (i) Acetyl choline : It is a neurotransmitter whereas other are the parts of neuron.
(ii) Neuron : It is a nerve cell whereas others are the parts of kidney
(1+1)
Q. 6.“Receptors are modified neurons.” Justify the statement with examples of receptors in different sense organs.
Ans.Photo receptors, sound receptors, taste receptors, olfactory receptors, any recepta on the skin.
(1×2)
Q. 7.Name the two examples of neurotransmitters.
Ans.Acetylcholine and Dopamine
(1+1)
Q. 8.Why nerve impulses pass through one direction only ?
Ans.Nerve impulses pass from synaptic-knob to the tip of the dendrites. Acetylcholine is related in the synaptic knob.
Acetylcholine produces impulses at the tip of the dendrites. But the dendrite do not produce acetylcholine. So,
impulses always pass through one direction only.
(2)
Q. 9.Write the main functions of the following :
(i) Sensory neuron, (ii) Motor neuron.
Ans. (i) Sensory neuron pass information from receptors to brain.
(ii) Motor neuron transmit information from brain or spinal cord to effector organ.
(1+1)
Q. 10.What happens at the synapse between two neurons ?
Ans.When an electrical signal reaches the axonal end of one neuron it releases certain chemical substances that cross
the synapse and move towards the dendrite end of next neuron, generating another electrical signal.
(2)
8 ]
Oswaal Kerala SSLC Question Bank, BIOLOGY, Class – X
Short Answer Type Questions-II
(3 marks each)
Q. 1.How are impulses transmitted through neurons ?
[TBQ]
Ans.Impulses are the messages conducted through
nerves. These impulses transmit in the form of
electric charges. Impulses are generated when
stimuli evoke changes in polarity in the plasma
membrane of receptors, the modified neurons.
The difference in the distribution of ions help to
maintain positive charge on the outer surface and
negative charge inside the plasma membrane of
the neuron. When stimulated, the ionic equilibrium
in the particular part changes. As a result, polarity
changes and the outer surface becomes negatively
charged while inner surface becomes positively
charged. This change does not persist long. It
regains its original state.
(3)
Q. 2. (i) What is a synapse ?
(ii) Mention the significance of neurotransmitter.
(iii) How impulse is transmitted through synapse ?
[TBQ]
Ans. (i) Synapse is the junction between two neurons
or a neuron and a muscle cell or a neuron and
a glandular cell.
(ii) The neurotransmitter which is released in the
synaptic cleft stimulates the adjacent dendrite
and new electric impulses are formed.
(iii)Electrical impulse travels from the dendrite
to the cyton along the axon to its end. At the
end of axon across the synapse, it releases
a chemical named neurotransmitter which
allows impulses to pass neurons to other cell
such as muscle cells or glands.
(1+1+1)
Q. 3.
How are nerves categorized based on their
functions ?
Ans.On the basis of their functions, the nerves are
categorized as afferent nerves and efferent nerves.
Afferent nerves carry impulses from the sensory
organs to the brain. Efferent nerves carry impulses
from the brain to the sensory organs.
(1+2)
Q. 4.
What is meant by co-ordination in living
organisms ? Why is there a need for co-ordination
in living organisms ?
Ans. (i) The orderly regulation of the various activities
in various organ systems for meticulous
functioning of an organism is called coordination.
(ii)Co-ordination helps an organism to respond
to various stimuli in its surrounding and also
brings about proper growth and development
in the organism.
(iii)In order to maintain the steady state by
different systems of an organism for optimal
functioning, perfect co-ordination is needed.
(1+1+1)
Q. 5.Draw a well labelled diagram of a neuron.
Ans. Nucleus
Nerve
ending
Cell body [Cyton]
(3)
Long Answer Type Questions
(4 marks each)
Q. 1.Mention any four functions of the nervous system.
Ans. (i) It regulates involuntary actions.
(ii) It controls and co-ordinates voluntary muscular activities.
(iii) It keep us informed about the outside world through the sense organs.
(iv) It enable us to think, reason and remember.
(v) It controls all the reflex actions in our body, thus protecting it from any harm.
Q. 2.Mention the peculiarities of different part of a neuron and their functions.
Ans.
Parts of neuron
Peculiarities
(Any four) (1+1+1+1)
[TBQ]
Functions
(i)
Cell body
Central part of neuron contains Changes stimulus to impulses.
nucleus and cytoplasm.
(ii)
Axon
Longest filament from the cell body.
(iii)
Dendron
Part projecting out from the cell body. Carries impulses from dendrites to the cell
body.
(iv)
Axonite
Terminal branches of axon.
Carries impulses from the cell body to
outside.
Carries impulses to the synaptic knob.
(1+1+1+1)
SENSATION AND REPONSES Q. 3.Explain the structure of a neuron.
Ans.The neuron has three main parts : cell body, dendron, axon.
Cell Body : It contains a well defined nucleus,
surrounded by granular cytoplasm.
Dendron : These are branched cytoplasmic
projections of the cell body. They reach the finest
part of the body and conduct nerve impulses to the
cyton.
[ 9
Axon : It is a long process from the cell body. In
most neurons, it is surrounded by a white insulating
sheath called neurolemma. The myelin sheath
shows gaps throughout the length, whih are called
Nodes of Ranvier. Axon terminals are closely placed
near the dendrites of another one or more neurons
but are not connected. Such gaps in between are
called synaptic cleft.
TOPIC-2
Kinds of Nervous System
QUICK REVIEW
 There are three kinds of nervous system :
(i) Central nervous system
(ii) Peripheral nervous system
(iii) Autonomic nervous system.
 Central nervous system consist of brain and spinal cord. Peripheral nervous system consist of cranial and spinal
nerves. Autonomic nervous system consist of parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system.
 The brain is the most complex organ in the human body, and is the centre of all the peculiar characteristics which
makes man unique.
 The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which is formed from the blood is reabsorbed into it.
 CSF helps to provide nutrients and oxygen to the tissues in the brain, ensures the protection of the brain. CSF is
also contained in the cerebral ventricles, the cavities in the brain.
 The cerebrum is the centre of qualities like intelligence, memory, thought and imagination. Senses like sight,
hearing and taste are made possible by this part.
 The cerebrum controls all voluntary movements.
 The cerebrum has two parts :
zz Grey matter
zz White matter
 The cerebellum maintains the equilibrium of the body by coordinating muscular activities.
 Medulla oblongata controls involuntary actions like breathing, heartbeat, vomiting, sneezing, coughing and
contraction of blood vessels.
 In the medulla oblongata and spinal cord, white matter is seen outside and grey matter inside.
 The thalamus seen at the interior of the brain is the relay station of impulses to and from the cerebrum.
 At the base of the thalamus is the hypothalamus which plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis.
 Spinal cord is a cylindrical structure and a part of the CNS. It is made up of nerves which supply information to
think. It begins in continuation with medulla oblongata and extends downwards. It is enclosed in a bony cage
called vertebral column. A total of thirty one pairs of spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord.
 Peripheral Nervous System constitute the cranial and spinal nerves along with their branches.
(i) Cranial nerves arise from the brain and spread throughout the head.
• There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves.
(ii) Spinal Nerves arise from the spinal cord along most of its length and spread throughout the body.
• T
here are 31 pairs of spinal nerves – eight in the neck region, twelve in chest region, five in abdominal
region, five in hip region and one the coccyx region. Coccyx is the last bone of the vertebral column.
 Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) mean ‘self governing nervous system’.
• Autonomic nervous system is called visceral nervous system.
• It lies outside and parallel to CNS.
• ANS consists of a pair of chain of nerves and ganglia found on both sides of the vertebral to CNS.
• T
he autonomic nervous system can be classified anatomically and functionally into sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous system.
10 ]
Oswaal Kerala SSLC Question Bank, BIOLOGY, Class – X
KNOW THE TERMS
 Brain : The most complex organ and control centre of the body.
 Skull : The hard case that protects the brain.
 Meninges : The three layered covering of the brain.
 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) : The fluid that fills between the inner layers of the brain, and provides oxygen,
nutrients and protection to the brain.
 Cerebrum : The largest part of the brain.
 Grey matter : The outer part of the cerebrum that is grey coloured due to the absence of myelin.
 White matter : The interior of the cerebrum that has nerve fibres covered with white coloured myelin.
 Cerebellum : The part that lies below the cerebrum and the second largest part of the brain.
 Medulla oblongata : The stem-like part seen close to the cerebellum below the cerebrum.
 Thalamus : The relay station of impulses to and from the cerebrum in the interior of the brain.
 Hypothalamus : The part at the base of the thalamus which plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis.
FLOWCHARTS
Nervous System
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous
System (PNS)
Spinal
Cord
Brain
Fore brain
Spinal
Nerves
Cranial
Nerves
Mid brain
Olfactory
lobes
Cerebrum
Occipital
Lobe
Autonomic Nervous
System (ANS)
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Hind brain
Cerebellum
Pons
Temporal
Lobe
Frontal
Lobe
Medulla
Parietal
Lobe
Brain
Meninges
Three-layered
covering
Cerebrum
Gray matter
White matter
Cerebellum
Coordinates
muscular
activities
Medulla
oblongata
Controls
involuntary
actions
Thalamus
Relays
impulses
Hypothalamus
Maintains
homeostasis
[ 11
SENSATION AND REPONSES Very Short Answer Type Questions
Q. 1.What is the role of brain in providing sensory
experience?[TBQ]
Ans.Cerebrum in the brain provides sensory experiences.
(1)
Q. 2.Which part of the brain enabled Raju to draw the
scenery?[TBQ]
Ans.Cerebrum.
(1)
Q. 3.Inverted image is formed on the retina. But we do
not see the image like that. Why ?
[TBQ]
Ans.Cerebrum coordinates both the images to make
the inverted image as erect. Cerebrum gives the
experience of vision.
(1)
Q. 4.The part of the brain which helps to maintain body
balance is ………
(a) Cerebrum
(b) Cerebellum
(c) Medulla oblongata (d) Thalamus
[TBQ]
Ans. (b) Cerebellum.
(1)
Q. 5.Find out the relationship between the pair of
words and fill up the blanks :
Relay of impulse : thalamus
……………………… : hypothalamus
Ans.
Centre of hunger, thirst and maintenance of
homeostasis.
Q. 6.Find out the word pair relation and fill in the
blanks.
Eye – Vision
Cerebellum – …………
Ans.Balance.
(1)
Q. 7.Find out the word pair relation and fill in the blanks.
Cerebrum – Thought
Cerebellum – …………
Ans.Coordination of muscular activity.
(1)
Short Answer Type Questions-I
Q. 1. (i) How does protection of the brain takes place ?
(ii) What helps in the nourishment of brain ?
[TBQ]
Ans. (i) The brain is protected inside a hard skull. It
is covered by the meninges, a three-layered
membrane, named duramater, arachnoid and
piamater.
(ii)Cerebrospinal fluid is filled within the inner
membranes of meninges and the ventricles of
the brain which provide nutrients and oxygen
to the tissues of the brain, regulate the pressure
inside the brain and protect the brain from
injuries.
(1+1)
Q. 2. (i) How is the spinal cord protected ?
(ii) How does the dorsal root differ from ventral
root ?
[TBQ]
Ans. (i) Spinal cord is protected inside the vertebral
column and is covered by meninges.
(ii)Sensory impulses reach the spinal cord
through the dorsal root and motor impulses go
(1 mark each)
Q. 8.Which part of the brain maintains posture and
equilibrium of the body ?
Ans.Cerebellum.
(1)
Q. 9.Name the two components of peripheral nervous
system.
Ans.The two components of peripheral nervous system
are :
(i)Cranial nerves, (ii) Spinal nerves. (½+½)
Q. 10.Fill in the blanks :
(i) Cavities present on the different parts of the
brain is ………
(ii)Long cavity present in the spinal cord is
…..……
Ans. (i) Ventricles, (ii) Central canal
(½+½)
Q. 11.What is short term memory ?
Ans.Short term memory lasts only for 30 seconds e.g.,
remember a phone number and dial it and then it
vanishes from memory.
(1)
Q. 12.What is the function of the cerebrospinal fluid ?
Ans.The cerebrospinal fluid keeps the central nervous
system well nourished and also protects it by
absorbing mechanical shock.
(1)
Q. 13.Find the odd one :
Dorsal root, ventral root, central canal, cerebrum
Ans.Cerebrum : This is a part of brain. Others are parts
of spinal cord.
(1)
Q. 14.Find out the relation and fill up the blanks :
(i)
Equilibrium of the body : Cerebellum ::
Homeostasis : ………
(ii)Corpus callosum : Cerebrum :: ……… : Cerebellum
Ans. (i) Hypothalamus (ii) Pons
(½+½)
Q. 15.What is meningitis ?
Ans.Meningitis is the inflammation of the meninges, the
covering of the brain.
(1)
(2 marks each)
out of the spinal cord through the ventral root.
(1+1)
Q. 3.Mention the major functions of the spinal cord.
[TBQ]
Ans.Function of spinal cord :
(i) Spinal cord is the main centre of reflex action.
(ii)It is concerned with the conduction of nerve
impulses to and from the brain.
(1+1)
Q. 4.What is the significance of the part just below the
thalamus.[TBQ]
Ans.Hypothalamus is located below the thalamus at the
base of the brain. It control the pattern of sleep and
stress, regulates hormonal secretions of pituitary
gland which in turn controls various endocrine
glands. It controls food intake, thirst and body
temperature (thermoregulation).
(2)
Q. 5.Why an organism require system of control and
coordination?
Ans.A living being does not live in isolation. It has to
12 ]
Oswaal Kerala SSLC Question Bank, BIOLOGY, Class – X
constantly interact with its external environment
and has to respond properly for its survival.
Thus, the control and coordination is required in
multicellular animals where body is complex. (2)
Q. 6.Name the part of the brain that performs the
following functions :
(i)Maintaining the posture and balance of the
body,
(ii) Regulation of blood pressure,
(iii) Sensation of hunger or feeling full,
(iv)Seeing.
Ans. (i) Hind brain
(ii) Hind brain
(iii) Fore brain
(iv) Fore brain (½+½+½+½)
Q. 7.What are the functions of medulla oblongata ?
Ans.Medulla oblongata controls heartbeat, breathing,
contraction of blood vessels, gastro intestinal
movements, vomiting, sneezing, coughing, and
other involuntary activities.
(2)
Q. 8.How does the cerebrum differ from the cerebellum
in structure ?
Ans.Cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. Its surface
is highly convoluted. It is divided into left and
right hemispheres. Cerebellum is just behind the
cerebrum. It has two lobes. Longitudinal grooves
are seen on the surface in place of convolutions.(2)
Long Answer Type Questions
Q. 1.Redraw the picture and answer the following
questions.
(a)Identify and label the parts according to the
functions given below:
(i) The part which maintains balance and
equilibrium of the body
(ii) The part which controls the heartbeat.
(iii) The part which controls voluntary activities.
(b)Write one more function for each of the three
identified parts.
Ans.(a) (1)
Q. 9.What are the function of cerebrum ?
Ans.Cerebrum controls all voluntary activities. It is the
centre of consciousness, thought, imagination,
memory, analytical thinking etc. It gives awareness
of vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch, heat, etc. (2)
Q. 10.Name the part of brain which controls :
(i) Voluntary action
(ii) Involuntary action
Ans. (i) Voluntary action : cerebellum.
(ii) Involuntary action : medulla.
(1+1)
Q. 11.Taking the example of heart beat, justify the
antagonistic action of the sympathetic and the
parasympathetic nerves.
Ans.
Sympathetic system increases contraction and
rhythm and parasympathetic system decreases contraction and rhythm with respect to heart beat. (2)
Q. 12.What is the significance of the peripheral nervous
system ? Name the components of this nervous
system and distinguish between the origin of the
two ?
Ans.The communication between the central nervous
system and the other parts of the body is facilitated
by the peripheral nervous system. Cranial nerves
and spinal nerves are its main components. Cranial
nerves arise from the brain; spinal nerves arise from
the spinal cord.
(2)
(4 marks each)
(b) (i) C
erebellum : coordinates muscularactivities
(ii) Medulla oblongata : controls breathing
(iii) Cerebrum : centre of intelligence
(3)
Q. 2.
Hypothalamus has an important role in
maintaining homeostasis. Analyse this statement
and note down 4 ideas to justify your views.
Ans. •Hypothalamus controls the activity of the
pituitary gland.
• This enables the nervous and endocrine system
to act harmoniously to maintain homeostasis.
The body overcomes changes in the external
or internal environment by controlling
and coordinating physiological activities
accordingly. Nervous responses are quick
while hormonal responses are slow. Thus, a
response to any external change remains for a
longer duration.
•
The autonomic nervous system controls
the activity of the adrenal gland which is
responsible for the fight and flight mechanism.
The secretions of the adrenal gland are
controlled by the ACTH which is secreted by
the pituitary gland.
•The secretion of the pituitary gland in turn
is controlled by the hypothalamus. Hence,
the hypothalamus has an important role in
maintaining homeostasis. (1 mark each) (1×4)
[ 13
SENSATION AND REPONSES Q. 3.Which are the different parts of human nervous system ?
Ans.The human nervous system can be divided into :
(i) The central nervous system (CNS) : It comprises of the brain and spinal cord and regulation of all activities
of the body.
(ii) The peripheral nervous system (PNS) : It include all the nerves. The nerves form a network and spread
throughout the body. They are instrumental in connecting all parts of the body to the central nervous system.
(iii) The autonomic nervous system (ANS) : It comprises of all the nerves present in the involuntary organs like
heart, stomach, lungs etc.
(iv) On the basis of their function, the nerves are categorized as afferent and efferent nerves. The nerves are
composed of neurons and neuroglia. The neuron are specialized cells capable of creating and transmitting
electrochemical impulses. The neuroglial cells are supportive cells which assist the neuron in their function.
(4)
TOPIC-3
Reflex Action, Diseases Affecting Nervous System
QUICK REVIEW
 Reflex Action : It is defined as an unconscious, automatic and involuntary response of effectors, i.e., muscles and
glands, to a stimulus, which is monitored through the spinal cord.
 Mechanism of Reflex Action : It involves the following steps :
(i) Receptor organ like skin perceives the stimulus and activates a sensory nerve impulse.
(ii) Sensory organ carries message in the form of sensory impulse to the spinal cord.
(iii) The spinal cord acts as modulator. The neurons of spinal cord transmit the sensory nerve impulse to motor
neuron.
(iv) Motor nerve conducts these impulses to the effectors like leg muscles which responds by pulling back the
organ away from the harmful stimulus.
 Advantages of Reflex Action
(i) It enables the body to give quick responses to harmful stimuli and thus protects our body.
(ii) It minimises the overloading of brain.
 Reflex Arc : It is the pathway taken by the nerve impulses and responses in a reflex action, i.e., from the receptor
organs like skin to the spinal cord and from the spinal cord to the effector organs like muscles.
Spinal cord
(CNS)
Message to
Brain
Sensory neuron
Receptors = Heat/Pain
receptors in skin
Motor
nueron
Relay
neuron
Effector = Muscle in arm
Reflex arc
Disease
Causes
Symptoms
Alzheimer’s
Accumulation of an insoluble protein in Loss of memory, inability to recognize friends
the neural tissues of the brain. Neurons get and relatives, inability to do routine works.
destroyed.
Parkinsons
Destruction of specialised ganglions in the brain. Loss of body balance, irregular movement
production of dopamine, a neurotransmitter of muscles, shivering of the body, profuse
reduces.
salivation.
Epilepsy
Continuous and irregular flow of electric charges Epilesy due to continuous muscular contraction,
in the brain.
forthy discharge from the mouth, cleaning
of the teeth following which the patient falls
unconscious.
14 ]
Oswaal Kerala SSLC Question Bank, BIOLOGY, Class – X
KNOW THE TERMS
¾¾ Reflex action : Any sudden action in response to some happening in the environment, without thinking about it
or without falling in control of our reactions in called reflex action.
¾¾ Voluntary movements : Movements which are under our control are called voluntary movements. Voluntary
movement require thinking.
¾¾ Involuntary movements : Movements which are not under our control are called involuntary movements.
Involuntary movements do not require thinking.
FLOWCHART
REFLEX ARC
Hot Plate
Receptors
(Stimulus)
(like skin)
Response
Effectors
(like skin)
Sensory
neurons
Spinal Cord
Reflex Arc
Motor neurons
Short Answer Type Questions
Q. 1.Identify the relation and fill in the blanks :
(i)Irregular flow of charge in the brain : Epilepsy
Decreased production of dopamine : ………[TBQ]
Ans.Parkinsons.
(1)
Q. 2.What is interneuron?
Ans.The neuron that connect the sensory neuron and
the motor neuron. It generates quick responses
according to the sensory impulse.
(1)
(1 mark each)
Q. 3.What is a reflex action ?
Ans.Reflex action is defined as an unconscious and
involuntary responses of effector to a stimulus. (1)
Q. 4.Give example of involuntary action.
Ans.Beating of heart, salivation in the mouth on chewing
tasty food.
(1)
Q. 5.What is known as reflex arc ?
Ans.The reflex arc is the pathway through which
impulses travel during reflex action.
(1)
Short Answer Type Questions
Q. 1.Which is related to Alzheimer disease from those
given below ? What is the chief symptom of the
disease?
(a) Degeneration of specific ganglion,
(b)Accumulation of an insoluble plaque in
nervous tissue,
(c)Irregularity in the electric impulse in the
brain.
Ans. (b) Accumulation of an insoluble plaque in
nervous tissue.
Symptoms : Loss of memory, inability to
recognize friends and relatives, inability to do
routine works.
(1+1)
Q. 2.Define reflex action. Give one example. Show
with the help of a flow diagram the path of the
reflex action.
Ans.Reflex action in a sudden action in response to
something in the environment.
e.g., pulling out hand from the flame if accidently
touched.
(2 marks each)
The path of the reflex action is as follows :
Receptors → sensory neuron → spinal cord →
motor neuron → Effector.
(1+1)
Q. 3.In the given diagram of reflex arc :
Name the parts labelled A, B, C, D and E
Ans. (a) A – receptor
B – Sensory neuron / nerve
C – relay neuron / interneuron
D – motor neuron / nerve
E – effector
(½)
(½)
(½)
(½)
(½)
Oswaal Kerala SSLC Question Bank For
Class 10 Biology With Complete
Solutions For 2017 Examination
51%
OFF
Publisher : Oswaal Books
ISBN : 9789386177537
Author : Panel Of Experts
Type the URL : http://www.kopykitab.com/product/10018
Get this eBook