Bio110
Napa Valley College
Instructor: Albert Carranza
Bio10 Practice Lab Exam 1
Instructions: Answer the following questions using the concepts pertaining to laboratory
exercises. This information is in your textbook, lab manual, or instructor provided handouts.
1. Suppose an experimental set-up is designed in a pair. In one of the pair nothing is
altered, in the other only one thing is changed. What is the name given to the setup that is not altered?
2. In a controlled experiment the one thing that is different within the treatment
group is called the experimental ___________.
3. In common language people often use the word theory to mean something other
than a “scientific theory.” To avoid confusion what term in the scientific method
would be more appropriate to use for a “common theory?”
4. Scientific hypotheses must be both relevant and _________
5. Which step in the scientific method involves an awareness of a natural event or
phenomenon?
6. Which step in the scientific method involves gathering data and making additional
observations?
7. The most fundamental characteristic of living organisms is that they are
composed at least one ___________.
8. What two scientific names are given to an organism?
9. Metabolism, growth and reproduction are important characteristics of life. Name
one non-living substance may display one more of these characteristics.
10. According to the table of taxa, in your classification assignment, which kingdom
of organisms would be characterized as being heterotrophic and non-motile?
A. Bacteria B. Archaea C. Fungi D. Animals E. Plants
11. What kingdom is characterized by the following traits: multicellular, eukaryotic
cells, heterotrophic, and motile?
12. What kingdom is characterized by the following traits: multicellular, eukaryotic
cells, autotrophic, and non-motile?
Bio110
Napa Valley College
Instructor: Albert Carranza
13. Viruses are not considered living organisms. List one characteristic of life that
they lack.
14. What do we call the naming system developed by Carolus Linnaeus?
15. Which would be more closely related; organisms that share a Domain or a
Kingdom?
16. Which would be more closely related; organisms that share a Phylum or a Class?
17. How many atoms are present in H2SO4?
18. How many elements are present in H2SO4
19. When the element sodium loses an electron, what is the charge of the ion it
forms?
20. When the element chlorine gains an electron, what is the charge of the chloride
ion it forms?
21. When oppositely charged ions combine into a molecule, is the bond they form
covalent, ionic, or a hydrogen bond? (Please note: hydrogen bonding is also
known as a polar bond).
22. Which chemical bond is formed when two or more atoms share electrons? Is it a
covalent, ionic, or hydrogen bond?
23. What group of biological molecules is represented by simple sugars?
24. A polar substance dissolves in water because a __________ bond forms between
the substance and the water molecule.
25. We used Sudan IV in lab to detect lipids. Oil is a __________ substance which
means it is insoluble in water.
26. What class of biological molecule makes up cell and organelle membranes?
27. How does the arrangement of DNA in prokaryotic cells differ from that seen in
eukaryotic cells?
28. What is the magnification of a specimen when viewed with the 40X objective?
29. Which focus knob (fine or coarse) is used only with the 4X objective?
Bio110
Napa Valley College
Instructor: Albert Carranza
30. What microscope control is used to adjust specimen illumination?
31. What organelle, found in plant cells, allows them to photosynthesize?
32. Name one difference between plant and animal cells.
33. What structure represents the major difference between eukaryotic and
prokaryotic cells?
34. To what Domain do cyanobacteria belong?
35. Are cyanobacteria autotrophic or heterotrophic?
36. Are cyanobacteria prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
37. Why do plants have a cell wall in addition to a plasma membrane?
38. How is the concave shape of red blood cells (erythrocytes) appropriate to their
function?
39. What missing organelle allows red blood cells to achieve their concave shape?
40. What is the function of the contractile vacuole in Paramecium?
Bio110
Napa Valley College
Instructor: Albert Carranza
Basic Prokaryotic Cell Structure: Bacteria
Be able to list the major differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Which type of cell evolved first (is the most primitive)?
List the two domains of organisms that have prokaryotic cells.
1.
2.
Name the four basic structures that both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have in
common.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Prokaryotic Cell
Be able to identify the cell wall, plasma membrane, circular DNA, cytoplasm, and
ribosomes on the diagram below.
Cell wall
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA in Nucleoid region
Ribosomes
Bio110
Napa Valley College
Instructor: Albert Carranza
Plant Cell:
Be able to identify the plasma membrane, nucleus (containing DNA), cytoplasm, central
vacuole, mitochondria, cell wall, and chloroplast.
Cell wall
Central vacuole
Plasma membrane
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Chloroplast
Name three structures or organelles found in this plant cell that do not occur in
animal cells (refer to the animal cell diagram).
Bio110
Napa Valley College
Instructor: Albert Carranza
Animal Cell:
Be able to identify the plasma membrane, nucleus (containing DNA), cytoplasm, and
mitochondria.
Plasma membrane
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Bio110
Napa Valley College
Instructor: Albert Carranza
Answers:
1. Control
2. Experimental variable
3. Hypothesis
4. Testable (Falsifiable)
5. Observation
6. Experiment
7. Cell
8. Genus and species
9. Fire, some crystal structures, or viruses
10. C. Fungi
11. D. Animals
12. E. Plants
13. Cells
14. Binomial Nomenclature
15. Kingdom
16. Class
17. Seven atoms
18. Three elements
19. positive
20. negative
21. ionic bond
22. covalent bond
23. carbohydrates
24. Hydrogen (polar) bond
25. Non-polar (hydrophobic)
26. Lipid
27. No nucleus
28. 400x : Total magnification using the 40x objective = 40(10x Ocular) = 400x
29. coarse
30. iris diaphragm
31. chloroplasts
32. cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts
33. nucleus
34. bacteria
35. autotrophic
36. prokaryotes
37. support (structure)
38. increases surface area (for carrying oxygen)
39. nucleus
40. pumps excess water from cytoplasm (maintain homeostasis)
Bio110
Napa Valley College
Instructor: Albert Carranza