11/26/2010
Demographic Transition Model
5 Levels of Development
Stage 2 Urbanizing/ Industrializing
• High birth rate, lower
mortality because of
increased medical
technology.
• Quickly increasing
population.
• Increased urbanization
and industrialization of
economy
• Lots of poverty
Stage 4 Post industrial
• Very stable population.
• Very Low birth and
mortality rates.
• Advanced level of
development,
urbanization and
economy
• China in the near future
Stage 1 Pre-Modern
• Very high fertility rates
and low life expectancy.
• Population growth is
slow and small.
• Low level of technology
and industry.
• Very rural, and little
urbanization
• China Qing Dynasty
Stage 3 Mature Industrial
• More stable population
reduced growth.
• Decline in birth and
mortality rates
• More developed urban
economy, improved living
standards
• China today is at this stage
Stage 5 Deindustrializing
• Birth rates are below
death rates.
• Population is contracting
• Highly developed
economy. (May shrink with
declining population)
• Possible dependency ratio
problems
• Canada in the near future.
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11/26/2010
Review Question 1
Review Question 2
Review Question 3
Standard of living
Human Development Index (HDI)
• The HDI is a
measurement of the
average quality of life
(how many goods and
services do you have).
• Country’s Gross
Domestic Product
(GDP) means how
much is produced in a
country per person.
Standard of living
Human Development Index (HDI)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Education Rates
Literacy Rates
Fertility (Birth) Rates
Life Expectancy Rates
Infant Mortality Rates
Disease
GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
• Value of goods and
services produced in a
country in a year. (Value
of the economy) and
wealth of the country.
• Usually wealthy
countries have higher
standards of living.
• But there are always
poor people in wealthy
countries who have a
low standard of living.
• GDP per capita (person)
average
• Norway
$75,000
• USA
$45000
• Hong Kong
$42000
• Canada
$35000
• Russia
$8000
• China
$4000
• Iraq
$2000
• Kenya
$700
• Ethiopia
$350
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Human Development Index Rating
• All the factors can be added together to create
one Human development score for each country.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
USA
Canada
Hong Kong
China
India
Kenya
Ethiopia
.90
.88
.88
.69
.51
.47
.31
Fertility Rate
• The average number
of children that a
woman gives birth
to.
• High fertility rates
equal low
development.
• Low fertility rates
usually equal higher
development
Infant Mortality
• The number of babies
out of 1000 that die in a
country each year.
• A high level equals low
development because of
poverty and lack of
medical services.
• The biggest killer of
children is malnutrition
(not enough food)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hong Kong
Canada
Russia
China
India
Kenya
Ethiopia
• Is the percentage of
people in a country
that attend school and
know how to read and
write.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cuba
Canada
China
Brazil
Kenya
Ethiopia
99.8%
99%
94%
90%
73%
35%
Life Expectancy Rates
Hong Kong
0.9
Mainland China 1.2
Canada
1.8
USA
2
Brazil
2.8
Iraq
4.5
Kenya
5
Ethiopia
5.5
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Education and Literacy Rates
• The age that people
in a country die.
• A low level means a
less developed
country, because of
wars disease, poverty
and lack of medical
service
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hong Kong
Canada
USA
China
Iraq
Kenya
Ethiopia
82.2
80.5
78
73
59
54
52
Review Question 4
3.5
4.5
16
25
50
65
108
Which of the following is a characteristic of
a newly industrializing country?
A. decreasing GDP
B. increasing fertility
C. increasing population
D. decreasing life expectancy
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Review Question 5
Review Question 6
Review Question 7
Review Question 8
What plays an important role in improving the
standard of living for developing countries?
A. reduced reliance on exports
B. rising population growth rates
C. increasing production of cash crops
D. higher levels of education for women
Review Question 9
Which pair of factors would contribute to a declining
rank in the UN Human Development Index?
A. poor healthcare and increasing GDP
B. decreasing civil war and increasing income
C. poor education and increasing infant mortality rate
D. decreasing crime rate and increasing life
expectancy
Review Question 10
In the developing world, it is the number one
contributor to deaths of children under the
age of five.
To what does the statement refer?
A. cholera
B. civil war
C. HIV/AIDS
D. malnutrition
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