Student Name:
Teacher Name:
Class:
Date:
Standard Indicator 8-3.4 (Answer Key)
SC’s role in developing new national government
1.
2.
3.
4.
The new _federal_ _government__ was established in 1789.
George Washington was elected the first _president___ of the United States.
Alexander Hamilton, as _Secretary__ of the _Treasury_, called for an economic policy that would strengthen
the national government.
What did Hamilton propose?
A. that the federal government pay the debt incurred as a result of the American Revolution
B. that the national government assumes the debts of the states from the war
C. creation of a national bank to issue bank notes and collect taxes
D. Congress pass a high protective tariff on imports to encourage American manufacturing
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
The two political parties that developed as a result of disagreements over Hamilton’s proposals were the
__Federalists_, led by Alexander Hamilton who favored the policies of Hamilton, and the _Democratic_ _Republicans_, who were led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison and opposed Hamilton’s proposals.
The _Lowcountry elite from South Carolina tended to support the Federalists while those from the
__Upcountry__ supported the Democratic-Republicans.
Most South Carolinians supported the assumption of state debts. Why? Because so much of the war was
fought in SC and therefore the state had more debt
Why did Democratic-Republicans eventually support the assumption of state debts? What occurred in SC that
was similar to this?
Because the Federalists agreed to support moving the nation’s capital to the banks of the Potomac in the South
The capital of SC was moved to Columbia in the center of the state to ease tension between Lowcountry &
Upcountry
What was the biggest controversy between the two parties? The establishment of a national bank
The Democratic-Republicans argued that the Constitution should be interpreted _strictly_; it did not specifically
grant Congress the right to create a national bank. Federalists argued that Congress had been granted the
authority to make all laws that were “_necessary__ __and __ _proper__” to the execution of its powers. They
argued that a bank was necessary for the power to tax and control commerce which was granted to the
national government in the Constitution.
Washington sided with the __Federalists_ and signed into law a bill creating the First National Bank.
The Democratic-Republicans _objected_ to this extension of the power of the central government and wanted
to balance the federal power with _states’_ rights.
Federalists and Democratic-Republicans also disagreed over __foreign _ policy.
When the French Revolution began in 1789, the Democratic-Republicans supported the _French_ in the
overthrow of their king, while the _Federalists_ sided with Britain to secure the trade market.
15. George Washington issued a __Proclamation__ _of__ _Neutrality_ as the United States attempted to remain
neutral in the Napoleonic Wars.
16. President John Adams sent South Carolinian _Charles Cotesworth Pinckney_ to negotiate peace with France.
17. _Charles Cotesworth Pinckney_, and two other Americans, met with three representatives of the French
government (X, Y, and Z), who asked for a bribe, which was declined. This incident became known as the __X,
Y, Z Affair_, and brought the emerging political parties into conflict.
18. Federalists passed the _Alien and Sedition Acts_, which were designed to limit the growth of the Democratic–
Republican Party and to silence its newspapers. Several newspaper publishers were jailed. Who was one of the
South Carolinians jailed for failing to follow the Federalist’s Act? Thomas Cooper
19. What did the Democratic–Republicans claim that the Federalists were violating?
Freedom of the Press
20. Jefferson and Madison wrote _the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions_ saying that states had the right to nullify
an act of Congress that they found to be unconstitutional, such as the _Alien_ __&_ __Sedition_ Acts.
21. What controversy led to the election of Thomas Jefferson as president in 1800?
The controversy over the Alien & Sedition Acts
22. In 1807, Congress passed the __Embargo_ Act to stop American trade with both Britain and France, which
devastated the American shipping industry based in New England, a Federalist region.
23. Federalists _opposed both the embargo and later the War of 1812.
24. In 1810, War Hawk __John C. Calhoun_ was elected to Congress from South Carolina and urged Congress to
declare war on Great Britain.
25. In 1812, the United States declared war on _Great_ _Britain_ and invaded Canada where the American army
was defeated.
26. The War of 1812 brought a new surge of Nationalism_.
27. The Federalist Party died as a result of their __Opposition__ to the war, and the Democratic-Republicans,
including John C. Calhoun, began to support Federalist policies including a _Protective Tariff and the_National
Bank_.