Standard 5.1/2
Review
Name _______________
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Across
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4. Serfs during the early Middle Ages were not
considered to be _______.
5. The feudal system existed in western Europe in
the Middle Ages because power was
decentralized, the continent was isolated
___________, and transportation was lacking.
10. ___________ __________, improved
agricultural production, and technological
advancement at the end of the Middle Ages led
to an increase in European trade.
13. Oils, spices, and perfumes were bought and
sold by __________ merchants during the early
Middle Ages, while elsewhere in Europe trade
was largely non-existent.
14. Increased trade and improved food production
led to the creation of a new class of _______
and merchants in Europe during the late Middle
Ages.
1. In exchange for land, knights were expected to
provide lords _________ _________ in return.
2. Genoa, Pisa, Rome, Naples, Venice, and
________ were important Italian city-states
during the Middle Ages.
3. European kings began centralizing _____ and
instituting taxes on trade and wealth during the
late Middle Ages.
6. Improvements like metal _____ increased farm
efficiency in the late Middle Ages.
7. _______ were the protectors and warriors of the
feudal system.
8. The time period we know as the Middle Ages
lasted about a _________ years.
9. ______ was the primary form of wealth in the
feudal system.
11. When _____ fell in the fifth century CE, Europe
was fractured into thousands of small kingdoms.
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15. The _____________ Sea played a vital role in
the development of trade for cultures along its
shores during the late Middle Ages.
16. Improved land and sea _________ led to an
increase in European trade during the late
Middle Ages.
18. Trade was largely non-existent in western
Europe during the early _______ ______.
12. Key differences between Italian city-states and
feudal Europe included greater wealth, higher
______ rates, and more democratic
governance.
17. During the early Middle Ages, European ______
typically did not own the land they farmed.