2nd Quarter Review: The World Wars and Economic Depression
I must know the following facts:
(2B) Write a one sentence description of the defining characteristics of each unit of study:
America Becomes A World
Power
The United States begins to change from an isolationist foreign policy to
emerge a leader on the international stage.
World War I
The US enters the First World War in the concluding year providing
resources to help our allies achieve success over Germany. At the end of
the war the US Senate will return to a policy of isolationism and reject
the Treaty of Versailles.
Great Depression
After a period of great economic growth, bad economic decisions lead to
a collapse of the US and world economies. Eventually FDR will introduce
the New Deal to help create government programs to deal with political,
economic, and social struggles.
World War II
The United States enters the war in 1942 after the Japanese attack on
Pearl Harbor. We will fight in both the European and Pacific Theaters
during the war.
(4A)
explain why significant events, policies, and individuals moved the United States into the position of a world
power:
the Spanish-American War
The US helped free the Cuban people from Spain; gained access to Cuba and the Philippines.
Henry Cabot Lodge
was an expansionist at the turn of the 20th century.
Alfred Thayer Mahan
was an expansionist that supported an increase in the size of the U.S. Navy.
Theodore Roosevelt
Was a Progressive President during a period when America became a world power; initiated the
building of the Panama Canal.
Sanford B. Dole
an expansionist at the turn of the century that helped secure Hawaii as a territory.
(4C)
identify the causes of World War I and reasons for U.S. entry
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism
Zimmerman Telegram and sinking of the Lusitania (unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany).
(4F)
analyze major issues raised by U.S. involvement in World War I:
isolationism and neutrality
Wilson planned to stay neutral until Germany used unrestricted submarine warfare and sent the
Zimmerman telegram.
Members of the Republican Party wanted the US to remain isolated after the war and not join the
League of Nations.
Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points
Wilson’s plan for world peace included the League of Nations for collective security.
Treaty of Versailles
First of five treaties that ended WWI; placed the blame for the war on Germany and made them pay
reparations.
(7A)
identify reasons for U.S. involvement in World War II
Failure of the US to support the League of Nations and the rise of fascism in Europe. The Japanese
invade Pearl Harbor in 1941
(7D)
analyze major issues of World War II:
the Holocaust
Genocide of the Jewish people in labor and concentration camps.
the internment of German, Italian, and Japanese Americans and Executive Order 9066
US Government feared immigrants would choose to be loyal to their homeland and placed them in
internment camps. The US government has since compensated the families of those imprisoned.
The development of conventional and atomic weapons;
Created at the Manhattan Project and tested at Los Alamos, NM. The US is the only nation to use
atomic weapons in war at Hiroshima and Nagasaki to end WWII.
(7G & 17A)​ Use at least three of the following terms to analyze the US Homefront from 1941-45. Underline the
term.
War Bonds
Rationing
Volunteerism
Military enlistment
Women and Minority employment
Victory Gardens
The US Homefront was a response to citizens needing to help meet the need of the US military. Due
to scarce resources, Americans turned to ​rationing​ goods and buying ​war bonds​ to support the war
effort. ​Volunteerism​ was a major part of the collection of needed goods and services, people even
grew their own “​victory gardens​” to help with the food supply. Due to high ​military enlistment​ there
were increased opportunities for ​women and minority employment​ in industry.
(12A)
analyze the impact of the Panama Canal
It made it faster and easier to trade goods from the Atlantic to Pacific.
(12A)analyze the impact of the the Dust Bowl
Forced migration out of the midwest and destroyed crops and altered the landscape.
(13A) analyze the causes and effects of changing demographic patterns resulting from migration within the United
States including the Great Migration.
Many African-American men and women moved to the north for economic and social opportunities.
(25B) describe both the positive and negative impacts of significant examples of cultural movements in art, music,
and literature on American society.
Tin Pan Alley: ​Unification of American sound with the selling “ragtime” sheet music
the Harlem Renaissance:
African-American authors express their perspective on the American experience. Result of the Great
Migration.
(19A & 16E)
evaluate the impact of New Deal legislation on the historical roles of state and federal government;
Action
Effect
Federal Deposit
Insurance Corp.
Protects investments in bank accounts.
Securities
Exchange
Commision
Rules and regulations concerning trades on the stock market.
Social Security
Administration
Retirement and disability payments.
Bank Holiday
Executive action to help solve the bank runs and closures by forces the
banks to temporarily suspend business at the start of the depression.
Civilian
Conservation
Corp
Provided public work job opportunities for young men that were
unemployed.
Works Progress
Administration
Provided job opportunities for those that were unemployed including
artists and writers.
Agricultural
Adjustment Act
Helped farmers through the regulation of prices and the payment of
subsidies.
(19B)
explain constitutional issues raised by federal government policy changes during times of significant events:
World War I -- Espionage Act of 1917:
Eliminated ​habeaus corpus​ and questions about the right to fair trial.
the Great Depression -- Roosevelt’s Court Packing Scandal:
Roosevelt tried to increase the number of Supreme Court justices from 9 to 15 to help get New Deal
legislation through the courts.
World War II -- Japanese Internment:
Violation of the civil rights of Japanese citizens
(20B)
evaluate the impact of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s attempt to increase the number of U.S. Supreme Court justices.
This was voted down by Congress. Many became critical of Roosevelt and his New Deal programs.
The Supreme Court did however support many of the following New Deal policies.
(21A) analyze the effects of landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision ​Korematsu v United States:
Said that the internment of Japanese citizens was constitutional due to a national security risk.
(15B) describe the changing relationship between the federal government and private business, including the costs
and benefits of laissez-faire
During the Roaring 20’s the government returned to a more relaxed regulation of businesses that
during the Progressive Era. Some of these policies allowed for predatory lending or bad business
decisions that eventually led to the Great Depression.
(15D)
describe the ​economic effects​ of international military conflicts:
the Spanish-American War
Increased territory, world power, and trade for the US
World War I
The United States industry was able to support the Allies during the war. After the war there was an
increased amount of industry as we supported the rebuilding of Europe. Many farmers initially made
money but were overwhelmed with debt when they overproduced after the war.
(16B)
identify the causes of the Great Depression:
Laissez faire policies, too much credit and buying stock on the margin began a pattern that eventually
affected the day to day finances of the average American.
These facts will help me on the test:
(2D)
explain the significance of the following years:
1898 ​The United States began to expand their influence with the territory gained in the
Spanish-American War in the Caribbean, Central America, and the Philippines
1914–1918 ​World War I; US enters in 1917.
1929​ ​Stock Market crashes and starts the Great Depression.
1939–1945 ​World War II; US enters with the invasion of Pearl Harbor in 1941.
(4D)
understand the contributions of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) led by General John J. Pershing
Resupplied Allies during the First World War and helped break the stalemate.
(4E)
analyze the impact of significant technological innovations in World War I.
Machine Guns
Faster and more efficient weapon
Airplanes
Scout locations
Tanks
Cross No Man’s Land
Poison Gas
Ineffective weapon due to lack of control
Trench Warfare
Caused a stalemate along the Western Front
(4G)
analyze significant events such as the Battle of Argonne Forest.
Largest offensive of the AEF in WWI where the US broke through the German lines.
(7B)
evaluate the leadership of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry Truman during World War II
Maintained relationships with the Allied powers eventually setting a course for post-war peace at the
Yalta and Potsdam conferences. Harry Truman made the decision to drop the atomic bombs.
(7C)
analyze the function of the U.S. Office of War Information;
Propaganda to maintain support on the homefront.
(7E)
analyze major military events of World War II:
Battle of Midway
Turning point in the Pacific Theater.
“Island Hopping”
Strategy used in the Pacific Theater to move troops closer to mainland
Japan.
Bataan Death March
Brutal abuse of American POW’s by the Japanese after the US evacuated
the Philippines.
Invasion of Normandy
Turning point on the western front of the European Theater. The US begins
their march towards Germany and liberates France.
Liberation of the
concentration camps
End of the Holocaust and the beginning of US understanding of German war
crimes.
(7F)
evaluate the military contributions of leaders during World War II:
Omar Bradley ​US general during WWII in European theater.
Dwight Eisenhower​ ​Supreme Allied Commander during WWII in Europe.
Douglas MacArthur ​Supreme Allied Commander during WWII in Pacific.
Chester A. Nimitz ​Admiral in US Navy at Midway.
George Marshall ​WWII General that becomes Truman’s Sec. of State and creates the Marshall Plan to
provide aid to Europe to contain the spread of Communism.
George Patton ​US General in WWII in North Africa, Italy, and Europe
(26F) discuss the importance of Congressional Medal of Honor recipients:
Vernon J. Baker - ​African-American who received the Medal of Honor posthumously in the 1990’s
Alvin York - ​During WWI he single-handedly captured 132 German prisoners.
(19C)
describe the effects of the Teapot Dome political scandal
Outrage over political corruption and abuse of power in the US government.
(15E)
describe the emergence of monetary policy in the United States with the Federal Reserve Act of 1913
Allowed the Fed to control the money supply to curb inflation; set up Regional banks.
(16A)
analyze causes of economic growth and prosperity in the 1920s
The Roaring 20’s was marked by ​laissez faire​ policies under Republican administrations.
(16D)
compare opponents’ approaches to resolving the economic effects of the Great Depression
Huey Long:
“Every man a king”; LA Governor that felt the New Deal didn’t go far enough.
Francis Townsend:
Created a plan to help the elderly that was not accepted but did inspire Social Security.
Father Coughlin:
Catholic Priest that held a radio show that was very critical of the New Deal.
Analysis:
Document A:
NOTICE! TRAVELERS intending to embark on the Atlantic voyage are reminded that a state of war exists
between Germany and her allies and Great Britain and her allies; that the zone of war includes the waters
adjacent to the British isles; that, in accordance with formal notice given by the Imperial German
Government, ​vessels flying the flag of Great Britain, or any of her allies, are liable to destruction in those
waters and that travelers sailing in the war zone on ships of Great Britain or her allies do so at their own
risk.
IMPERIAL GERMAN EMBASSY, Washington, D.C., April 22, 1915.
Source: New York Times, May 1, 1915
Document B:
Document C & D
Document E:
What was the purpose of Document A?
Warning by the German government not to travel.
What role does document A play in the United States joining the First World War?
Germany used unrestricted submarine warfare.
Name a basic right referred to in document B that is specifically mentioned in the United States Bill
of Rights.
Freedom of Religion, Freedom of Speech.
At the time the Four Freedoms speech was given, why was freedom a world issue?
Nazism and fascist dictators were on the rise.
Based on the photograph in Source C, which group was being held in relocation centers or camps during this
period in United States history?
Japanese citizens in the United States.
What did the illustrator mean when he wrote in Source D that the morning pledge of allegiance “sounded
hollow” to the students and teacher saying it?
Many of the Japanese that were being interned felt like their rights were being violated.
State one reason this relocation camp policy was challenged in the federal courts.
14th Amendment
In this poster, what is the government asking Americans to buy during World War II?
War Bonds to fund the war effort.
What does the caption, “Don’t Let That Shadow Touch Them,” mean?
Protect our children from the spread of Nazism.
Why were posters like this important to the war effort of the United States government?
Propaganda to maintain support for our government and our troops.
Vocabulary​:
Eras
Other changes also were taking place at the start of the twentieth century as America was
seeking to become a ​World Power​. In 1898 the United States went to war with Spain and gained
influence within Latin America and gained possession of the Philippines in the Pacific Ocean. The
United States tried to stay out of the affairs of Europe. However, we joined the fighting in ​WWI ​after
Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare and the “Zimmerman Telegram”.
After the “war to end all wars”, the United States entered a decade of great economic prosperity
known as the ​Roaring 20’s​. The government was divided about our role in the world, and Congress
abandoned President Wilson’s plan to join the League of Nations in favor of a policy of ​Isolationism
where we would keep to our own affairs. This economic boom did not last forever as the stock market
crashed in 1929 signaling the beginning of the ​Great Depression.
Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected after Herbert Hoover’s approach to the struggling economy
upset American voters. In his first (of four) terms Roosevelt proposed the ​New Deal ​ that offered
relief, recovery, and reform to the American public. The economy began to see progress when the
government began to mobilize to prepare for possible war in Europe. The United States officially
entered ​WWII​ when Pearl Harbor was attacked on December 7, 1941.
Economic Issues
After World War One the United States experienced a period of economic ​prosperity​. The
Roaring 20’s was an era of ​consumerism​ fueled by new lines of ​credit​ that allowed shoppers to buy
now and pay later. They were also using this method to buy stocks and bonds on the margin. After
the stock market crashed and people could not repay their debts, the United States endured a
decade-long ​economic depression​. President Franklin Roosevelt sought to make reforms to the
economy with his New Deal. The Congress created the ​FDIC​ to help insure deposits in banks. The
New Deal also included plans to regulate the stock market with the creation of the ​SEC​. The
government also created a plan to help Americans prepared for retirement through the creation of
Social Security​. The United States was partially able to emerge from the Great Depression when the
United States became focused on ​mobilization​ for the Second World War. This was made possible by
volunteer efforts of citizens and the purchase of ​war bonds​ to fund the military.
Society and Geography
The 1930’s saw the nation have to deal with the Great Depression and people in the midwest
endured the ​Dust Bowl​ conditions brought on by severe drought and strong winds. The scarcity of
resources continued into World War II as the nation continued to use ​rationing​ on the ​homefront​. In
order to make ends meet, Americans resorted to​ volunteerism ​ to gather necessary materials and to
grow their own foods in Victory Gardens. The Roaring 20’s and 1950’s were both similar eras in the fact
that they were both examples of economies that were based on the mass ​consumption ​of
manufactured goods. Both of these were the result of people surviving world wars and struggling
economies in prior decades. As a result of the prosperous economy there was a rise in births known as
the “​Baby Boom​”.
The struggle for equality by African-Americans is a major story within the history of the United
States in the 20th century. The 1920’s and 1940’s saw the large population shift from the deep south
to the north known as the ​Great Migration​. Many of these people were looking to escape “Jim Crow”
laws that created ​Segregation​ in southern communities. During the jazz age many African-American
artists found New York to be a welcome venue for their work -- this is referred to as the​ Harlem
Renaissance​.
Political Issues
The start of the 20th century also saw the United States becoming involved with ​imperialism​ as
the borders of the nation expanded to include territories in the Caribbean and Pacific. President
McKinley followed the ​Open Door ​ Policy which encouraged the open trade with China for all nations.
President Theodore Roosevelt added to the Monroe Doctrine with his ​Big Stick​ Diplomacy. President
Taft then followed with the idea of giving money to other nations to encourage trade known as ​Dollar
Diplomacy. As more and more nations began to compete over foreign colonies, the United States
looked to stay ​neutral ​ in any European conflicts. Eventually we were drawn into the ​total​ warfare
fought in World War One. In 1918 the Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join the
League of Nations, instead opting for a new foreign policy based on the idea of ​isolationism​ -- staying
focused on the issues surrounding only your nation.
Soon the United States found itself in the midst of the Great Depression. The President, Franklin
D. Roosevelt, looked to use Relief, Recovery, and Reform with his​ New Deal​. However, some people
eventually accused him of abusing his power during the ​Court Packing scandal​. The Great
Depression ends when the United States began to mobilize for World War II. Although we were still
neutral at the start of the war, we began providing weapons to our allies through the ​Lend Lease
Program. After the attack on Pearl Harbor in December of 1941, the United States was engaged in a
multi-front war in both the​ European ​ and ​Pacific​ Theaters.
Word Bank: Great Migration
(FDIC)
Roaring 20’s
Isolationism (2x)
Great Depression
The New Deal (2x)
World War II
Consumerism (2x)
Mobilization
Dollar Diplomacy
World War I
Imperialism
Dust Bowl
Homefront
Rationing
War Bonds
Court Packing Scandal
Total War
Open Door Policy
Pacific Theater
Prosperity
Credit
Social Security Administration
Isolationism
Lend-Lease
Big Stick Diplomacy
Neutrality
Baby Boom
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Securities Exchange Commission (SEC)
Economic Depression
Harlem Renaissance
America as a World Power (Imperialism)
New Deal
Volunteerism
European Theater
Segregation