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Chemistry 11
Nomenclature of Hydrates
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What are Hydrates?
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A hydrate is an IONIC molecule that has some loosely held water molecules
chemically bonded to it.
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The symbolfor a loosely held water molecule is
a
o
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HzO,
There might be any number of water molecules bonded to it.
Example: CuSOnr 5 HzO has 5 water molecules bonded to
it,
Naming hydrates:
A.
Name the ionic compound as usual.
B.
After the ionic name add "hydrate" and
a
prefix to tell how many water molecules
Example: 5 HzO is named pentahydrate
Example: 2HzO is named dihydrate
Try these:
a) sodium sulfate decahydrate
)
NazSOa
heptahydrate
b)
magnesium sulfate
c)
barium hydroxide octahydrate)
)
r 10 HzO
MgSOa
Write the names of the following compounds
HzO) tin(lv)chloride
a)
SnCla o 5
b)
FeSOn
c)
BaBrz 14 HzO
d)
FePO+
t
T llzO
pentahydrate
)
)
r 4 HzO )
e) FeCla o6 HzO
)
f)CuSOr o5 HzO
)
Write the formulas for the following compounds:
g)
barium chloride dihydrate
h)
magnesium sulfate heptahydrate
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Chemistry 11
Stoichiometry Unit
Hydrate Worksheet
1)
How is a hydrate different from other chemical compounds?
2)
Define the following terms:
3)
4)
.
anhydrate
.
dehydration
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Name the following compounds:
a)
FeCb 6 HzO
b)
CUSO+ 5 HzO
Write the fornulas for the following compounds:
a)
b)
barium chloride dihydrate
magnesium sulfate heptahydrate
5)
What is the percent composition of water in the compound in problem 4b?
6)
lf 125 grams of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is completely dehydrated, how many
grams of anhydrous magnesium sulfate will remain?
Chemistry 11
Stoichiometry Unit
Overview Questions
1
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Cupric chloride, CuClz, when heated to 100"C is dehydrated. lf 0.235 g of CuClz . x HzO gives 0.1g5
g of CuClz on heating, what is the value of x?
The "alum' used in cooking is potassium aluminum sulfate hydrate, KAI(SO+)z .x HzO . To find the
value of x, you can heat a sample of the compound to drive off all of the water and leave only
KAI(SOq)2. Assume you heat 4.74 g of the hydrated compound and that the sample loses 2,i 6 g of
water. What is the value of x?
3.
lf 'Epsom salt," MgSOn .x HzO is heated to 250oC, all the water of hydration is lost. On heating a
1,6879 sample of tre hydrate,0.824 g of MgSO+ remains. What is the formula of Epsom salti
4.
When CaSOn 'x HzO is heated, all of the water is driven off. lf 34.0 g of CaSO+ (molar mass 136) is
=
formed from 43.0 g of CaSO+ .x HrO, what is the value of x?
Citric acid is composed of only carbon, hydrogen, and orygen. When a 0.5000 g sample of citric acid
was bumed, it produced 0.6871 g of COz and 0.1874 g of HzO. The molar massof the compound is
192 g/mol. What are the empirical and molecular formulas of citric acid?
6.
A 0.537 g sample of a substance containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen was bumed in air
to
produce 1.030 g of COz and 0.632 g HzO. What is the percent composition-of the original
substance?
What is the empirical formula of the original substance?