Types of Imperialism Packet colony A colony is a group of people from one country who build a settlement in another territory. They claim the new land for their country, and their country keeps some control over the colony. The settlement itself is also called a colony. The practice of setting up colonies is called colonialism. A collection of many colonies and their ruling country is called an empire. People have established colonies throughout history and in every corner of the globe. In modern times before about 1950, a small number of countries controlled many colonies around the world. The people in the colonies slowly broke their ties with the colonizing countries, however, ultimately gaining independence as separate countries. Today few colonies are left. Colonies are sometimes divided into two types: settlement colonies and colonies of occupation. People often formed settlement colonies in places where few other people lived. Ordinary people moved to a settlement colony to set up farms or run small businesses. The colonies that the English and other Europeans established in North America beginning in the 1500s were settlement colonies (see colonization of the Americas). Colonies of occupation were established by force. That is, a country conquered a territory, and then people from that country moved in to control it. Often only relatively few people from the conquering country settled in this kind of colony. India is an example of a colony of occupation. Great Britain controlled India from the 1800s until 1947. Countries have formed colonies for a number of reasons. Settlement colonies were sometimes set up because the country needed more space for its growing population. A major reason why countries formed colonies of both types was to make money. Countries used colonies to control trade between their territory and the rest of the world. They also wanted to take advantage of natural resources in new lands, seizing precious metals, gems, timber, and furs from the territories and selling them to make money for themselves. Profitable cash crops were grown in colonies. Colonizers sometimes also forcibly used a colony’s people as a source of cheap labor or made them into slaves. Another important reason countries established colonies was to increase their military power. They often set up bases for their armies and navies in their colonies. Cite
: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. "colony." , Encyclopædia Britannica, 14 Nov. 2014. http://school.eb.com/levels/middle/article/606675. Accessed 5 Oct. 2016. Protectorates and Spheres of Influence By: Raymond A. Esthus (Encyclopedia of the New American Nations – americanforeignrelations.com, Accessed 10/5/16) The word "p
rotectorate " usually describes the relation between a protecting state and a protected state, though it sometimes may describe the country under protection. In a protectorate relationship, the protecting state normally assumes control of the foreign relations of the protected state in addition to providing for its defense. Often the protecting state has some control over the internal affairs of the protected state. As to the status of a protecting state in international law, the P
ermanent Court of International Justice in 1923 rendered an advisory opinion stating that the extent of the powers of a protecting state depended upon the treaties between it and the protected state that established the protectorate, and upon the conditions under which the protectorate was recognized by third powers whose interests were affected by the protectorate treaty. The court went on to observe that despite common features possessed by protectorates under international law, they had individual legal characteristics resulting from the special conditions under which they were created. United States protectorates, as traditionally defined, have been limited to the Caribbean area, except for a brief protectorate over Hawaii in 1893. The term "sphere of influence" signifies a claim by a state to some degree of control or preferential status in a foreign territory or in some region of the world. It may refer to a military, political, or economic claim to exclusive control or influence that other nations may or may not recognize. As in the case of protectorates, the legal status of a sphere depends upon the treaties establishing it and the extent to which other affected nations recognize it. American policy regarding spheres of influence has not adhered to a definite pattern. On many of the treaties creating spheres, the United States has not had occasion or necessity to take a stand. In cases where a position has been taken, policy has varied greatly. Generally, advocacy of an Open Door policy for trade and investment has placed the United States in opposition to spheres of influence, but on occasion it has not only acquiesced but actually looked with favor upon spheres. Read more: h
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