STANDARD WHII. 9a
Industrial Revolution
Objective
The student will demonstrate knowledge of the effects of the Industrial Revolution during the nineteenth century by
a) Citing scientific, technological, and industrial developments and explaining how they brought about
urbanization and social and environmental changes.
Essential Understandings
o The Industrial Revolution began in England, spreading to the rest of Western Europe and the United States.
o
With the Industrial Revolution, came an increased demand for raw materials from the Americas, Asia, and
Africa.
o
Advancements in technology produced the Industrial Revolution, while advancements in science and
medicine altered the lives of people living in the new industrial cities. Cultural changes soon followed.
Essential Questions
1. Why did the Industrial Revolution originate in England?
2. Why did the spread of industrialism to Europe and the United States accelerate colonialism and
imperialism?
3. How did the Industrial Revolution produce changes in culture and society?
Essential Knowledge
Industrial Revolution
o Origin in England, because of its natural resources like coal, iron ore, and the invention and improvement
of the steam engine
o Spread to Europe and the United States
o Role of cotton textile, iron, and steel industries
o Relationship to the British Enclosure Movement
o Rise of the factory system and demise of cottage industries
o Rising economic powers that wanted to control raw materials and markets throughout the world
Technological advances that produced the Industrial Revolution
o James Hargreaves - Spinning jenny
o James Watt—Steam engine
o Eli Whitney—Cotton gin
o Henry Bessemer—Process for making steel
Advancements in science and medicine
o Edward Jenner—Developed smallpox vaccination
o Louis Pasteur—Discovered bacteria
Impacts of the Industrial Revolution on industrialized countries
o Population increase
o Increased standards of living for many, though not all
o Improved transportation
o Urbanization
o Environmental pollution
o Increased education
o Dissatisfaction of working class with working conditions
o Growth of the middle class
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STANDARD WHII. 9a
Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution
1.
Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England?
2.
Where did the Industrial Revolution spread?
3.
What were the earliest industries?
4.
How was the British Enclosure Movement connected to the Industrial
Revolution?
5.
What happened to cottage industries?
6.
How did the Industrial Revolution effect economic powers in Europe
and America?
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STANDARD WHII. 9a
Industrial Revolution
Henry Bessemer
Eli Whitney
James Watt
James Hargreaves
Technological advances that produced the Industrial Revolution
Louis Pasteur
Edward Jenner
Advancements in science and medicine
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STANDARD WHII. 9a
Industrial Revolution
Impacts of the Industrial Revolution on Industrialized Countries
1. Why did the population increase during the Industrial Revolution?
2. Whose standard of living increased during the Industrial Revolution
and why?
3. How did transportation improve?
4. What is urbanization?
5. Describe how the environment was polluted by the Industrial
Revolution.
6. Who did education increase for during the Industrial Revolution?
7. How did the working conditions affect the working class?
8. How was the middle class growth affected?
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